Index
23andMe, 119 1000 Genomes Project, 142–43, 151 abortion, 104; elective, 62, 102, 300; and gender selection, 92; groups against, 103; and personhood, 62, 68; as sanctioned by South ern Baptist Convention, 63; therapeutic , 47 acquired immune deficiency syndrome. See AIDS ADA deficiency, 163–64, 178n1 adult stem cell(s), 38, 41, 57; biology of, 44, 45; and cancer, 47; clinical potential of, 46, 47; ethical issues associated with, 68– 69; as iPS cell source, 49; and researchers suing NIH, 68; value of research on, 46. See also developmental potential; gene therapy, and adult stem cells; Walker, Scott Age of Biotechnology, 2–3, 30 age retardation, xiv, 4, 51, 207, 221–22, 293– 94; distinguished from life extension and life prolongation, 209–11; ethical issues associated with, 215–21; prospects for in foreseeable future, 221; and religion, 218– 20; by senescent cell killing in mice, 294; and theories of aging, 211–14 aging, 121, 207, 209–11; as a disease, 223; and evolution, 207–9; mismatched schedules of, 216–17; premature, 11, 32; prospects for retarding, 221, 291, 294; theories of, 211–14 AIDS, 120, 206; and chimp genome, 123; and health disparities, 146; gene therapy for, 162 Alzheimer’s disease, 130, 226; embryo selection to avoid, 85; ESC therapy for, 42; and gene therapy, 176, 178; and natural selection , 208; and neuroenhancement, 238, 240; redefining a human being, 53 AMA. See Ameri can Medical Association Ameri can Medical Association, 92, 103–4; and Principles of Medical Ethics, 95 amino acid, 17–21, 33, 110; and synthetic biology , 265, 270, 296. See also protein(s) amniocentesis: and disease diagnosis, 13, 82, 87, 106n1, 294; compared to PGD, 81, 101; compared to whole- genome sequencing , 294 Aquinas, Thomas, 59, 76 AR. See assisted reproduction technologies Archaea kingdom, 6 Aristotle: and personhood, 59; and soul theory, 76n12; and universe theory, 32, 219 Index Page numbers in italics refer to illustrations. 332 / Index arthritis: and aging, 208; and Dolly, 189; ESC therapy for, 42; gene therapy for, 164 asbestosis, 13 assisted reproduction technologies (AR), 94, 274; cloning as, 193; and eugenics, 100; by gamete intrafallopian transfer, 94, 107n6; by intracytoplasmic sperm injection, 94, 107n7; by in vitro fertilization, 42; and “playing God;” and right to reproduce, 190; and surplus embryos, 41. See also in vitro fertilization atoms, 7, 8, 20, 132n13 ATP, 11, 13, 28, 29 Ayala family, 100, 107n12, 196 bacteria, 15, 32n1, 120, 168; antibiotic action on, 14; evolution of, 27; in genetic engineering and synthetic biology, 179, 256– 58, 261, 263, 267–68, 284n9, 286n21, 296; kingdom of, 6; and white blood cells, 45. See also prokaryotic cell(s) base. See DNA, structure of base complementarity. See DNA, structure of base pair. See DNA, structure of base sequence(s), 85, 110, 129; of DNA in identical twins, 132n18, 204n4; of DNA in synthetic genome, 263–64; in gene expression microarrays, 148. See also Human Genome Project BiDil, 152, 155n8 BioBrick. See synthetic biology, and BioBrick biodiversity, 276–78, 280 blastocyst: and embryonic stem cells, 41–42, 43, 72; and germ- line genetic engineering, 165, 166, 171; in human development, 55, 56; and implantation, 54; in IVF, 42; and personhood, 53, 63–65, 76n16, 191; structure of, 40; and therapeutic cloning, 49, 50, 51, 75n7. See also chimera blastomere, 56 blood cells, 24, 39, 45; and gene therapy, 163–64; and genetic enhancement, 167. See also sickle-cell disease bone marrow transplant, 46, 51 86. See also ADA deficiency; Ayala family; Fanconi anemia; Nash family Bronowski, Jacob, 3 Brown, Louise, 89, 182 Bush, George W., 67, 74n1, 76n16, 77, 126 cancer: and cell division, 211–12; chemo therapy or radiation treatment of, 46, 51; diagnosis by PGD, 85; and the epigenome, 120–22, 126–27; genes, 49, 74n4, 126, 141, 148–49; gene therapy for, 166, 168, 295; and health disparities, 146; possible stem cell origin of, 47 categorical imperative, 65 Celera Genomics, 114–15 cell(s): Cell Theory, 5–6; differentiation, 39; division, 23–24, 25, 26; eukaryotic vs. prokaryotic, 6, 12; kingdoms of, 6; origin and evolution of, 26–29; structure and function of, 9, 10–15; why knowing about them matters, 30. See also cytoplasm; organelle(s) central dogma of biology, 15–21 centrifugation, high- speed, 8, 10 chemical synapse: and neuroenhancers, 234, 235, 236–39; and neurotransmitters, 232– 34; structure and function of, 232, 233, 235, 250n4–5. See also neuron(s) chimera, 70, 75n10 Chimpanzee Genome Project, 123; evolutionary relationship between chimpanzees and humans, 124, 132n16...
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