Index
adair, James, 14, 85–86 african american slaves, 4, 5, 18, 53, 73, 130, 161, 166, 167, 176, at pensacola: 185, 186, 192, 193 alba, pedro de, 67, 70, 82n43 american soldiers. See US army arango, anastacio de, 63 archaeological sites, 200–201; looting of, 201. See also Creek Indians armstrong, John, 108 armstrong, Robert, 116 atássa. See war clubs austill, Jeremiah, 96 autossee, 87, 201, 202, 209, 249; battle of, xiv, 5, 78, 96–97, 127, 177, 201, 209, 210, 215, 260 Bailey, Dixon, 16, 18, 20, 21, 96, 265 Bailey, James, 12 Bailey, Mary, 21 Bailey, Ralph, 96 Bains, Samuel, 110 Barnard, Timpoochee, 5 Bartram, William, 13–14, 94 Bean, Jesse, 152, 155 Beasley, Daniel, 61, 96 Benton, Thomas hart, 165 Big Warrior, 4, 6, 69 black drink, 165 Black Warrior River, 202; attacks on Creek villages, 111 bloodroot, 89 Blount, Willie, 22, 77, 108, 171 Blue, Uriah, 166, 193, 195 Bonar, William, 89 Braund, kathryn e. holland, 32–33, 36, 48n32 Breast Works (horseshoe Bend). See horseshoe Bend: battle of Brewer, Willis, 23 broken days, 84–86 Brown, James, 130 Brown, Jerry e., 11–12 Brown, John, 135, 256 Brown, Richard, 123, 124, 125, 126, 130, 132, 137n5 Burnt Corn, battle of, xiv, xv, 3, 4, 16, 17– 18, 21, 53, 54, 60, 61, 68, 71, 72, 75, 77, 160, 176, 183, 204, 216, 249, 262; creek, 72, 236–37, 249; map, 72 Busk. See Green Corn Ceremony Calebee Creek, battle of, xiv, 5, 127, 204, 207, 214, 216, 229n43, 230n46, 249, 260 Call, Richard, 22, 130 Caller, James, 16, 21, 60, 61, 68, 71, 77, 82n38 Camp Coffee, 249, 257 Camp Coosa (Coocey), 123, 257. See also Fort armstrong Campbell, John, 174 cane, 15; canebreaks, 55, 147, 204, 205, 210; used for “broken days,” 84–85, 100n12 Canoe Fight, xiv, xv, 5, 86, 96, 236–37, 263 Caron, 186 Carroll, William, 113, 130 Carson, Joseph, 61, 162 cattle, 15, 128, 184, 208; and origins of the Creek war, 15, 18, 55, 73, 208 Cave, alfred, 94 Index 306 Index Chekelli Mico, 86 Cherokee Indians, xiv, 21, 31–32, 33, 43, 65, 74, 238: actions involving, 125–27, 129, 130–35; enlistment period in Creek War, 122–23; guides, spies, and translators , 124, 132; home front, 122, 128, 129; at horseshoe Bend, 178; organization of troops, 123; supply problems, 128; use of white plumes, 98; weapons, 111, 128, 130 Chickasaw Indians, xiv, 33, 88, 100n20, 122, 166, 173, 175, 208 Chinnabee, 152, 258; Camp Chinnabee, 257; Fort Chinnabee, xiv, 210 Chivington, John M., 24 Choctaw Indians, xiv, 2, 5, 25, 32, 33, 39, 60, 68, 74, 87, 93, 122, 127, 166, 173, 175, 208, 213, 238 civilization policy, 1, 3, 12–13, 15, 17, 107, 109, 123 Claiborne, Ferdinand L, 5, 19, 60, 71, 78, 100n6, 127, 176, 177, 207, 235, 236–37 Claiborne, J. F. h, 44 Cluwallee Camps, 158, 159, 161 Cocke, John, 23, 108, 113, 123, 126, 128, 136, 176, 177 Coffee, John, 22, 23, 111, 112, 113, 116, 124, 125, 129, 130, 133, 134, 148, 149, 152, 153, 177, 178, 203 Colbert, William, 166 Coleman, James, 187 Coley, Clinton Jackson, xii, xiii comet of 1811, 38, 39, 42 Coneta, 162 Coosada king, 161 Cornells, alexander, 42, 44, 54, 69 Cornells, James, 63, 71, 75, 76, 77, 266; deposition of, 72–73, 74; wife of, 63, 72, 76, 77 Cotterill, R. S., 12 Coulter, Betsy, 63, 72, 67, 77 Crawley, Martha, 107, 119n7, 125 Creek Indians, xiv, 164, 202; building techniques, 226n34; ceremonies, 90– 91, 94–95; “civilization” program, 1, 12– 15; dances, 94–95, 95; deerskin trade, 14–15, 64, 212–23; encroachment by americans on Creek lands, 54–55; gender roles, 13, 14; land ownership, 14; modern tribal towns, 248; origin myth, 86–87; regional divisions, 4; towns, 4, 5, 204–8; Tensaw, at, 3, 12, 16–21, 160; war poles, 87; women, 1, 14, 91,92, 214. See also Creek National Council; Red Sticks Creek National Council, 3, 4, 45, 55, 59, 69, 95, 175–76 Creek War, xiv, 6, 53, 176, 202, 210–12; allied (National) Creeks, 5, 6, 124, 126, 148, 151, 153, 154, 155, 178, 238; archaeological sites, 200–201; border violence , 106; border warfare, 107; British “packet from Canada,” 53–54, 55, 56–57, 58, 75–76; causes, 3, 10–13, 59, 158; Cherokee view, 122; Creek prisoners of war, 126, 127, 132, 135, 162–63, 178; defensive stockades, 210–11; earthquakes , 41–45; Federal Road...
OR
