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Acknowledgments My thanks go to Bradley and Anne (d. 2010) Hale for their unfailing financial support and enduring patience; Madeleine C. Velguth for her translation, research assistance, and vigilance; Gwyn Turner for funding the translation; Alice Meriwether Bowsher, William Henry (Harry) Britton (d. 2008), Kent Gardien (d. 2006), Deborah (Debby) Hunt, and the Marengo County Historical Society for their invaluable contributions; Nicole Sauvage, Michel Coustou, and other descendants of Jacques Lajonie Lapeyre (1787–1878), a lieutenant in the Empire’s dragoons , for the preservation and loan of their family archives; my daughters Valérie and Albane, liv­ ing in Bloomington, Indiana, and Brussels, respectively, for greatly facilitating my research in the United States and Belgium; Jean-­ Pierre Rousseau, teacher of history and geography in Nantes, for creating the maps; Fabrice Caruso (d. 2010), Annick Foucrier, Bernard Desmars, Michel and Monique (d. 2010) Konrat, Ber­ nard Quintin, Marie-­ Jeanne Rossignol, Jean-­ Pierre and Catherine Rousseau, and Jacques Weber, for their meticulous reading; Ed Bridges (Alabama Department of Archives and History, Montgomery), Jérôme Cras (Centre des Archives diplomatiques de Nantes), Roy Goodman and Valerie Ann Lutz (Ameri­ can Philosophical Society, Philadelphia), Janet Hilyard (Hagley Museum and Library), and Mark Wetherington and Jim Holmberg (Filson Historical Society , Louisville) for access to collections of archives; Kirk Brooker (Demopolis), Daniel Cluis (Quebec), T. M. Culpepper III (Demopolis), Bucky Delaroderie (Baton Rouge), Stephanie Dupont de Nemours Speakman (Greenville, Delaware), Warren Fournier (New Orleans), Robert Hunt (Mobile), Joseph Turner (Demopolis ), Ann Tremoulet-­ Davidson (New Orleans), Laurette Vallegeas (Nantes), Louise Webb Reynolds (Demopolis), and Suzanne Wolfe (Tuscaloosa) for their aid and support; and to the hundreds of French and Ameri­ can internet users with whom I maintained “genealogical correspondences,” indispensable to the creation of a biographical repertory of thousands of French refugees and exiles in America. ...

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