agency, 31–32, 121; portrayal of women’s, 121, 125, 130–33, 139; poststructuralist critiques of, 151 “agentic orientation,”151, 152 Alcoff, Linda, 122 Alcorn, Marshall, 25 Alsobrook, Jane, 132 Altman, Lawrence K., 55, 61, 68, 82, 174n12 American Association of Cancer Researchers (AACR), 99 American Cancer Society (ACS),1,123,152 American College of Surgeons, 1970 congress , 79 American Society for the Control of Cancer (ASCC), male domination of leadership , 123 American surgical establishment: attacks on Fisher in 1950s and 1960s, 80; belittling of Fisher’s surgical skills, 82 Amossy, Ruth, 32 Angell, Marcia, 171 Applebaum, Paul, 54, 55 Aristotle, 112, 181n33; and character, 25, 162; concept of ethos, 25–26, 32, 181n40, 184n78; Rhetoric, 25 Armada, Bernard, 151 Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), 34 audible voice, 31 authority, 31 autonomous decision-making movement, 59, 61 B-06 Protocol, 1, 9; challenge to orthodox views about physician obligations, 48– 49; change in eligibility requirements of, 60; findings unaffected by removal of Poissen’s patients, 2, 14; largest study of efficacy of lumpectomy, 10; Poisson’s modification of data in, 8, 9–10, 14, 49– 52; prerandomization, 57; undermining of support for Halsted method, 39. See also National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) Baltimore,David,42,115,145,146,147,149 Barish, Geri, 138–39 Batt, Sharon, 134–36; Patient No More:The Politics of Breast Cancer, 133–34 Belmont Report, 35, 191n79, 194n133 beneficence, principle of, 54 Bernard, Claude: An Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine, 34, 35 Bernier, George, 177n42 Betrayers of the Truth (Broad and Wade), 42 big science, 6, 43, 46; defined, 178n59 bioethical research: honesty and truth- telling, 58–59; principle of autonomy, 59 biomedical science: shift from medicine as healing art to, 71–72 biomedicine, 37, 46, 71–72; appeal for Index 228 Index greater public participation in research, 142–44; rhetorical strategies for intervention in, 17; tensions in, 45–46 Black, Edwin, 182n52 Black, Shirley Temple, 124 Blackstone, Amy, 126, 153 blind randomization design, 35 Bluming, Avrum, 132 Boehmer, Ulrike: The Personal and the Political , 127 Bordogna, Francesca, 29 Boston Women’s Collective, 123 Bourdieu, Pierre, 32 breast cancer: considerations affecting choice of treatment for, 36; focus of media reporting on youthful patients, 137; incidence of, 126–27; most visible cancer in press coverage of health, 128; before public awareness campaigns and annual screenings, 38–39 Breast Cancer Action of Montreal (BCAM), response to Datagate, 133–36 breast cancer activism: apolitical guise of women, 153; challenges to orthodoxy, 43; dominant characterizations of, 17, 136; failure to challenge gender-based divisions of labor, 126; grassroots organizing , 125–26; mainstream and commercialized , 165–66; obstacles to, 153–54; in 1970s, 39–40; women’s participation in and enhanced political status , 123 Breast Cancer Advisory Center (BCAC),123 Breast Cancer Awareness Month, 128 breast cancer prevention trial (BCPT), 11 breast cancer research: funding in late 1970s, 8; women’s participation in over twentieth century, 17 breast cancer support hotline, 123–24 British Medical Journal, 35 Broad,William, 42 Brock,William, 52, 67 Broder, Sam, 87, 95 Bronowski, Jacob, 29, 183n64 Brookey, Robert Alan, 28 Brown, Ann, 49, 50 Brown, Richard Harvey, 24 Brown, Sherrod, 87 bureaucrats, administrators, and politicians (BAPs), 99–100, 101, 118 Burt, Cyril, 40–41 Bush, Judy, 138 Bush,Vannevar: Science—The Endless Frontier , 33–34 Came, Barry, 61–62 Campbell, Alastair, 54 Campbell, Paul, 28, 182n52 Canadian Medical Association Journal (CMAJ): call for clinical trial monitoring branch in U.S., 65; less attribution of blame in Datagate than other journals, 65; rhetoric of international scapegoating and competition, 65–68; “Science and Scandal: What Can Be Done about Research Misconduct,”65; two-part treatment of B-06 controversy, 65 “cancer establishment,”152 Cancer Letter, 6, 13, 19, 107–8, 109; coverage of NCI Dingell testimony, 95; description of Fisher as tragic, 110; frequent updates on Fisher, 73; furthering of image of Fisher of “embattled man,”113 Cancerlit, 11 Caron-Flinterman, J. Francesca, 154, 166 Carpenter,Mackenzie,11,50,51,80,95,107 Cartesian subject, 32 Chabner, Bruce A., 93 Chamberlain, Charles, 26 characterizations: of breast cancer activism, 17, 136; centrality of in science-based controversies, 6, 8, 18, 19–44, 161; and communal norms, 7; dimension of ethos, 24–27, 32; effect of ethos, persona, and voice on, 6; refiguring, 163–68; rhetori cal perspective on, 23–33; three-part framework for analyzing, 21; and trust, 21. See also personae Chicago Tribune, front-page report of Datagate , 1, 10, 171 citizen...