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Research Resources on Germany in Central America • Much of the material for this study came from obvious, traditional sources. In addition to the Politisches Archiv des Auswartigen Amtes (Bonn), the Bundesarchive in Freiburg, Merseburg, Potsdam, and Koblenz and the Staatsarchive in Hamburg and Bremen supplied valuable materials. Documents in the Krupp and Siemens archives offered special perspectives. Additional documentation came from archives in Munich, Frankfurt, Berlin, and Stuttgart. The records of other nations present different views of German activity on the isthmus. The U.S. National Archives, Record Group 59 (and to a lesser extent RGs 40,80, 151, and 165), and the French foreign ministry archives contain numerous reports on German activity. The Spanish foreign ministry archives also offered insights into German activity. The Costa Rican Archivo Nacional and the Guatemalan Archivo General de Centro America supplied material on the German presence in Costa Rican and Guatemalan societies. Germans engaged in the coffee industry, numerous colonies, and a variety of enterprises and investments. The extensive Erwin Paul Dieseldorff collection at Tulane University contains interesting material on German coffee planter activity in Guatemala. Branches of the Friedrich Koper family resided in Germany and Guatemala; its business and family papers at the Bremen Staatsarchiv should prove extremely valuable when organized and ready for examination. No broad studies focus on German-Central American relations. Hendrik Dane, Die wirtschaftlichen Beziehungen Deutschlands zu Mexiko und Mittelamerika im 19. Jahrhundert (Cologne: Bohlau, 1971), offers a fact-oriented study of the 1820 to 1870 period. Julio Castellanos Cambranes, EI imperialismo aleman en Guatemala: EI tratado de comercio de 1887 (Guatemala: Instituto de Investigaciones Economicas y Sociales de la Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, 1977), and "Aspectos del desarrollo socio-economico y politico de Guatemala, 1868-1885, en base a materiales de archivos alemanes," Polftica y sociedad 3 (Jan.-June 1977):7-14, interprets German-Guatemalan relations in the late nineteenth century. Several of my publications describe German relations with Central America in an international perspective: "Imperialism in Middle America: United States Competition with Britain, Germany, and France in Middle America, 1820s-1920s," in Rhodri Jefferys-Jones, ed., Eagle Against Empire: American Opposition to European Imperialism , 1914-1982 (Aix-en-Provence, France: Universite de Provence, 1983):41-58; 288 • Research Resources "Metropole Rivalry in Central America, 1820s to 1929: An Overview," in Ralph Lee Woodward, Jr., ed., Central America: Historical Perspectives on the Contemporary Crisis (Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1988),21-46; The United States in Central America: Episodes ofSocial Imperialism and Imperial Rivalry in the World System (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1991). My understanding of German society from the 1820s to the 1930s benefited from the works of Lothar Gall, Bismarck: The White Revolutionary, trans. J. A. Underwood , 2 vols. (London: Urwin Hyman, 1990); Gerd Hardach, Deutschland in der Weltwirtschaft, 1870-1970: Eine Einfiihrung in die Sozial- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte (Frankfurt: Campus, 1977); William O. Henderson, The Rise of German Industrial Power, 1834-1914 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1975); Hajo Holborn, A History of Modern Germany, 1840-1945 (New York: Knopf, 1969); Otto Pflanze, Bismarck and the Development of Germany, 3 vols. (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1963-1990); Nicole Pietri, Evolution economique de I'Allemagne du milieu du XIxe siecle a1914 (Paris: SEDES, 1982); Reinhard Rurup, "Deutschland im 19. Jahrhundert, 1815-1871," in Reinhard Rurup, Hans-Ulrich Wehler, and Gerhard Schulz, Deutsche Geschichte, 3 vols. (G6ttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, 1985), 3:3-200; James J. Sheehan, German Liberalism in the Nineteenth Century: The Wilhelmine Age, 1890-1914 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1978); Michael Sturmer, Das ruhelose Reich. Deutschland, 1866-1918 (Berlin: Siedler, 1983); and Hans-Ulrich Wehler, Das deutsche Kaiserreich, 1871-1918 (G6ttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, 1973). Hubert Kiesewetter, "Economic Preconditions for Germany 's Nation-Building in the Nineteenth Century," in Hagen Schulze, ed., Nation -Building in Central Europe (Leamington Spa, UK: Berg, 1987), 81-105; and Michael Sturmer, Die Reichsgriindung: Deutscher Nationalstaat und europiiisches Gleichgewicht im Zeitalter Bismarcks (Munich: dtv, 1984), facilitate understanding of the formation of a unified German state. Various German scholars have illuminated specific periods in German history: Hagen Schulze, Der Weg zum Nationalstaat: Die deutsche Nationalbewegung vom 18. Jahrhundert bis zur Reichsgriindung (Munich: dtv, 1985); Peter Burg, Der Wiener Kongress : Der Deutsche Bund im europiiischen Staatensystem (Munich: dtv, 1984); Theodor Schieder, Vom Deutschen Bund zum Deutschen Reich, 1815-1871 (Munich: dtv, 1975); Wolfgang Hardtwig, Vormiirz: Der monarchische Staat und das Biirgertum (Munich: dtv, 1985); Helmut B6hme, Deutschlands Weg zur Grossmacht: Studien zum Verhiiltnis von Wirtschaft und Staat wiihrend der...

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