People, Plants, and Landscapes: Studies in Paleoethnobotany

Figures and Tables

FIGURES AND TABLES Figures 2.1. Chenopodium seeds from Newt Kash 27 2.2. Map showing locations of key rockshelter sites in eastern Kentucky 36 2.3. Comparison of seed assemblages from Newt Kash and Cold Oak by economic category 38 3. I. Map of the southern Ozark Highlands region 43 3.2. Photograph of Marble Bluff in 1990 44 3.3. Redrawn sketch map of the Marble Bluff seed cache 46 3.4. Clump of carbonized chenopod seeds from sample 34-23-341 49 3·5· Chenopod fruit from sample 34-23-327 50 3.6. Cucurbita seeds and sunflower achenes from sample 34-23-345 52 4. I. Location of the Cumberland Plateau in eastern Kentucky and important sites discussed in the text 66 4.2. Changing rind thickness in eastern Kentucky Cucurbita collections 8I 5.1. Map of northeastern Japan 90 5.2. Relative quantities of plant taxa for the Initial through Late Jomon 91 5.3. Relative quantities of plant taxa for the Zoku-Jomon 91 5.4. Relative quantities of plant taxa at six Ezo-Haji/Satsumon sites and the Yayoi component of the Kazahari site 92 5.5. Relative proportions of weed seeds from the Sakushu Kotoni ~~~re 92 6. I. Location of the Moundville polity 108 6.2. The mound-and-plaza complex at Moundville III 6.3. Boxplots comparing relative abundances of corn cupules in West Jefferson and Moundville I contexts II4 6-4- Boxplots comparing relative abundances of hickory nutshell in West Jefferson and Moundville I contexts 115 xi Figures and Tables 6.5. Boxplots comparing relative abundances of acorn nutshell in West Jefferson and Moundville I contexts lI6 6.6. Boxplots comparing relative abundances of corn cupules at Moundville, the farmsteads, and WestJefferson villages II7 6.7. Boxplots comparing relative abundances of hickory nutshell at Moundville, the farmsteads, and WestJefferson villages lI8 6.8. Boxplots comparing relative abundances of acorn nutshell at Moundville, the farmsteads, and West Jefferson villages 119 7.1. The diet breadth model 129 7.2. Model of plant domestication 133 7.3. The Z-score model 135 7.4. Possible causes of increased foraging efficiency 148 8.1. Proximate composition of hickory nuts, acorn, and maize 163 8.2. Essential amino acid composition of hickory nuts, acorn, and maize 164 8.3. Annual yields of white oaks in southeastern Ohio 168 8.4. Annual yields of red oaks in southeastern Ohio 168 8.5. Annual yields of hickory nuts in southeastern Ohio 169 8.6. Constancy and contingency scores of acorn and hickory nut yields in southeastern Ohio 170 9. I. Alexandre de Batz's copy of an Alabama Indian map of the Chickasaw villages, 1737 181 9.2. Detail of "Carte d'une partie du cours de la riviere de la Mobille et de celIe des Chicachas;' circa 1725, showing Apalachee and Mobilian Indian fields 182 9.3. Detail of "Carte d'une partie du cours de la riviere de la Mobille et de celIe des Chicachas;' circa 1725, showing Naniaba Indian fields 183 9-4. "Old Indian Fields" surrounded by English land grants in the Mobile-Tensaw delta area, as shown on Taitt's I771 map 184 9.5. Edwin H. Davis's copy of William Bartram's drawing of a Creek town plan, 1789 186 9.6. Benjamin Hawkins and the Creek Indians (c. 1790) 188 9.7. Creek Indian agricultural fields in the lower Tallapoosa River Valley in 1798-1799 189 9.8. Land survey plat showing an "Old Field" and an "Indian Field" 189 xii Figures and Tables 9.9. Land survey plat showing an "Indian Field" 190 9.10. Land survey plat showing an "Indian Field" near the Tallapoosa Fliver 191 9. 11. Land survey plat showing the "Councill house of Wetumpka" 192 10. I. Deerskin map with Charleston 196 10.2. Deerskin map with Mississippi River 199 10.3. Engraving ofJohn White's drawing depicting boat manufacture 201 10.4. Distribution ofJuglandaceae family 204 10.5. Distribution of North American "wild rice" grass genera Oryzopsis and Zizania 10.6. Distribution of Hordeum and Phalaris 10.7. Distribution of Helianthus and Iva 10.8. Plant geographic regions 10.9. Comparison of California-native walnut shells Tables 206 208 210 212 213 2. I. Newt Kash quantified sample, plant remains 33 2.2. Newt Kash quantified sample, seed counts and percentages 34 3.1. Seed bags and other artifacts...