The Bioarchaeology of Virginia Burial Mounds

Index

Age at death, 80–81 Aggrandizers, 4, 75, 79, 132 Agriculture, health implications of, 15, 71–73, 89, 92–93, 97, 105 Ajacan, 8–9 Anemia, 109 Archaeobotany, 21–22, 24–27, 123 Archaeofauna, 24, 27–28, 123 Archaic period, 73, 110 Archeological Society of Virginia, 39, 42, 54, 59, 82, 111, 132 Archer, G., 16 Arthritis. See osteoarthritis Averbuch site, 131 Bell mounds, 44 Bioarchaeology, 1, 70–79; expectations in study area, 77–79 Blue Ridge Mountains, 20–21 Bone, carnivore damage to and cut marks on. See taphonomy Bone preservation, 51, 56–58, 60, 81–82, 115–119 Bowman Mound. See Linville Mound Buffer zone, Powhatan/Monacan, 1, 18, 22 Bureau of American Ethnology, 36–39 Burial mounds, Monacan, 1, 23, 31–63, 135; artifacts, 41, 44–48, 51, 54–60, 62, 113, 127, 133; chronology, 38, 41; destruction of, 38–41, 49, 53–55, 58, 60; original number of individuals in, 133; original size, 86. See also names of individual mounds Burial mounds, stone cairns, 22, 28 Burial sites, outside of study area, 28 Bushnell, D. I., Jr., 39, 40 Cabot, J., 8 Cancer, 108 Carbon isotope ratios. See stable isotope ratios Carpenter, E. S., 61 Catawbas, 69 Ceramics, 21. See also Evans, C. Charnel Houses, 13–15, 61 Chase, J. C., 16, 29 Chenopodium, 24, 71, 92 Chesapeake Bay, 8 Chesapeakes, 10 Chickahominies, 11 Clarksville Site, 29 Confederacies, 67–70, 75, 77. See also Huron Confederacy, Iroquois Confederacy , Powhatan Confederacy Copper, in Powhatan-Monacan relations, 12, 18 Corporate Interaction. See Network/ Corporate Interaction Cranial Lesions, non-speci¤c, 108 Cremation, in burial mounds, 44, 49, 54, 59–63, 119–21, 134 Cremation, in ossuaries, 12, 14 Cribra Orbitalia, 29, 109, 120, 127 Index Crow Creek site, 110 Custer, J., 23 Dallas Phase sites, 74 De Soto, H., 8 Decomposition of skeleton, 117–119 Demography, 16, 19, 75, 76, 80–81 Dental analysis, 89 Dental caries, 29, 71, 77, 89, 90–97, 120, 123–126 Dental wear, 77, 89, 97–98, 120, 123, 125–126 Dickson Mounds site, 131 Disease: endemic 72; epidemic, 16, 28, 72; infectious, 29, 72, 92, 102, 103, 109, 121, 126–131; treponemal, 15, 16, 78, 105, 130–131 Dislocation of joint, 107 Dog burials, 51 Don Luis, 8–9 Dryfoot site, 23 Dunham, G. H., 37, 40–41, 86 Enamel hypoplasia, 29, 78, 98–101, 127 Epidemic. See disease, epidemic Etowah, 74 Europeans: encounters with Monacans, 6–7, 18, 61; native understandings of, 9; presence in Mid-Atlantic, 1, 7–9, 10 Evans, C., 39, 41, 42, 59–60 Fall zone, 10, 22 Feast of the Dead, 14–15 Fowke, G., 37–38, 54–46, 58–60, 62, 86, 111–112, 119 Fracture. See trauma Goldstein, L., 62 Hantman, J., 6, 18, 40 Hariot, T., 9, 14 Hatch, J., 74 Hayes Creek Mound, 3, 9, 23, 44–53, 62, 63, 84–87, 94–98, 101, 103, 106–110, 113–115, 117, 120–123, 125, 127, 130–134; demographic pro¤le, 84–85; minimum number of individuals, 52– 53; radiocarbon dates, 52–53, skeletal preservation, 80 Heterarchy, 4, 65–67, 77 Hierarchies, simultaneous/sequential, 4, 65–67, 135 Holland, C. G., 39, 42, 49, 52, 53, 58–59 Holmes, W. H., 37–38 Hrdlicka, A., 52 Huron Confederacy, 12, 69–70. See also Feast of the Dead Hutchinson, D., 16–17 Inequality, socio-political, 64, 122, 135: emergence of, 1, 4 Interment, secondary. See secondary burial Iroquois Confederacy, 69–70 James River Valley, 17, 23, 37, 54 Jamestown, 6–7, 9, 13, 19, 30 Jefferson, T., mound excavation, 6, 23, 32, 39–40, 53, 62, 117, 122, 133 Jirikowic, C., 12 John East Mound, 39, 59–60, 63, 113, 117, 123, 127 Johnston, Colonel W. P., 49–50 Juhle site, 13, 16, 29 Kecoughtan, 11 La Florida, 8 Lambert, P. M., 29 Late Woodland, 1, 3, 19, 22–23, 28, 31, 41, 63, 64, 77, 87 League of the Iroquois. See Iroquois Confederacy Lederer, J., 18 Leesville Mound, 53, 122 Lewis Creek Mound, 23, 42–44, 59, 60, 63, 62, 82–87, 95–98, 103, 106–110, 113–115, 117, 119, 121–123, 125, 127, 130–134; demographic pro¤le, 81, 82–84; radiocarbon dates, 44; skeletal preservation, 80 Lewis Creek Mound Complex, 31, 42, 122 Lewis Creek Mound Culture. See Lewis Creek Mound Complex Linville Mound, 58, 60–61, 63, 112–113, 121, 123, 127 Lithics, 41. See also Holland, C. G. Little Ice Age, 20 158 | Index MacCord, H., 39, 42...