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320 Notes to Chapter 9 Agrarian Refonn, revolution will be inevitable." The passage is found in Albert Hirschman, Joumeys Toward Progress, p.193. Pages 192-213 of the Hirschman essay summarize the political events sUITOunding passage of the law. 12. Victor Bonilla, tlTolima 1," pp. 14-16. 13. Ibid., pp. 52-61. 14. Colombia, DANE, Decimotrece censo nacional, pp. 159-60. 15. Colombia, DANE, Debate agrario, documentos (Bogota: DANE, 1970), p.159. 16. EI Tiempo, October 5, 1967. 17. Colombia, DANE, Debate agrario, pp. 151-63. 18. Kenneth A. Switzer, tiThe Role of Peasant Organizations in Agrarian Refonn: A Case Study of the Colombian National Association of Peasant Governmental Services Users" (Ph.D. dissertation, University of Denver, 1975), p.61. 19. That inflation averaged 12.9 percent for the 1961-65 period and 10.2 percent during the years 1966-70. Between 1970 and 1974 Colombian inflation averaged 15 percent per year. Latin America, Vol. IX, No. 21 (May 30, 1975). 20. Robert Dix, Colombia, p. 282. 21. There is reason to believe that Rojas did win a majority of the popular vote. An insightful, retrospective analysis of ANAPO in the context of Colombian modernization is Robert H. Dix, tiThe Developmental Significance of the Rise in Populism in Colombia" (Houston: Program of Development Studies, Rice University, April 1974). 22. Data on municipal voting in the 1970 presidential election, as well as in the 1930 and 1974 contests, are presented in appendix E. 23. See appendix E. 24. Rojas received a cumulative 1,569 of 12,577 votes cast in those municipios . Pastrana received 9,025. Some 1,271 blank votes were cast. 25. EI Espectador, FeblUaIY 21, 1971. 26. Ibid. 27. Samuel P. Huntington, Political Order in Changing Societies (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1968), pp. 375-76. 28. Colombia, DANE, tlColombia-Refonna agraria e instituciones: Resultados politicos," Boletln mensual de estadistica, No. 242 (1971), pp. 152-53. 29. Colombia, DANE, La. fuerza. de trabajo, p. 122. The Caja de Credito Agrario, Industrial y Minero is one of Colombia's largest credit institutions. 30. Colombia, Ministerio de Agricultura, Organizaci6n campesina (Bogota: Imprenta Nacional, 1967), pp. 127-32. 31. Colombia, DANE, Decimotrece censo, pp. 78-86. 32. Hans Jiirgen Piitz, EI desarrollo socio-econ6mico en Colombia (Bilbao: Ediciones Deusto, 1968), pp. 70-75. 33. Tolima, Contralorla, Anuario estadistico del Tolima (Ibague: Imprenta Departamental, 1966), p. 201. 34. Richard L. Smith, tlLos cafeteros: Social and Economic Development in a Notes to Chapter 10 321 Colombian Coffee Municipality" (Ph.D. dissertation) University of Oregon) 1974)) p. 162. 35. Ronald Hart) "The Colombian Acci6n Comunal Program/' pp. 105-07. 36. Between 1960 and 1970 Tolima lost more of its population through migration than any other department. The relationship between its decline in population and increased government loans is discussed in El Tiempo, Janucuy 3O-Februcuy 1) 1971; and in Ramiro Cardona) ed.) Las migraciones intemas (BogotA: Asociaci6n Colombiana de Facultades de Medicina) 1970)) p.66. 37. Tolimenses reproduced themselves at a rate of 3.4 percent. Colombia) Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario) Informaci6n bfJsica, pp. 19) 32. Chapter 10 1. Notable exponents of ConseIVative) Liberal) and Marxist approaches to Violencia etiology are discussed in the Introduction of this study. Richard Weinert) "Violence in Pre-Modem Societies/' has examined the phenomenon from the standpoint of political modernization; Jaime Arocha) "La Violencia/' from that of political dependence; and Joseph Monahan) "Social Structure/' from that of anomie. 2. The word "pattern" is used in the way that the word "structure" is employed by many cultural historians) particularly those of the French Annales school. That is) as "long enduring patterns [and] associated groups of activities that change their mutual relations but slowly." This passage is from Samuel Kinser's discussion of the word "structure" as it was used by Femand Braudel. See Samuel Kinser) "Analiste Paradigm? The Geohistorical Structure of Femand Braudel/' The American Historical Review, 86:1 (Februcuy 1981)) 80-86. 3. Two excellent expositions on the political origins of Latin America are Richard M. Morse) tiThe Heritage of Latin America"; and Glen Dealy) tiThe Tradition of Monistic Democracy in Latin America." Both are contained in Howard J. Wiarda) ed.) Politics and Social Change in LatinAmerica: The Distinct Tradition (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press) 1974)) pp. 25-103. 4. The process through which citizens selected their parties provides an ongoing source of debate among Colombianists. See chapter 1. An excellent recent discussion is found in Helen Delpar, RedAgainst Blue: The Liberal Party in Colombian Politics, 1863-1899 (University) Ala...

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