Archaeological Researches at Teotihuacan, Mexico

Contents

c o N T E N T s PREFACE ............. ........................ ..................................... 9 INTRODUCTORY NOTES ...................................................... 12 PART I EXCURSIONS INTO MEXICAN ANTIQUITY ...................................... 14 THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL CITY OF TEOTIHUACAN .............................. 22 PART II ARCHAEOLOGICAL EXCAVATION WORK AT TEOTIHUACAN IN 1932 .......... 36 Las Palmas ...................................................................... 36 Xolalpan. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. . . . . .. . . .. .. ... 37 The Xolalpan house ruin .......................................................... 40 The earliest portions of the ruin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 45 The altar of the central court ...................................................... 47 PART III THE FINDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 50 ARCHAEOLOGICAL FINDS OF TEOTIHUACAN CULTURE ...................... 51 The earliest artifacts .............................................................. 5I The graves .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Grave I Grave 2 Grave 3 Grave 4 Grave 5 ............................................. ........................... 54 ........................................... .................... ......... 59 63 ............. ............................................ ............... 68 ... .... .... . . .. . . . . .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . ...... .. .. .... .. .. ... . ... 71 Graves 6 and 7 72 5 PART IV ARCHAEOLOGICAL FINDS OF THE MAZAPAN CULTURE ...................... 75 Mazapan pottery types ............................................................ 76 Graves .......................................................................... 80 The Xipe Totec figure ............................................................ 83 PART V FINDS OF THE AZTEC CULTURE......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 PART VI MISCELLANEOUS POTTERY FINDS FROM VARIOUS SITES AND OF VARIOUS CULTURES .................................................................... 89 THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE BETWEEN XOLALPAN AND LAS PALMAS ........ 90 STRAY FINDS OF TEOTIHUACAN POTTERY BELOW THE FLOORS AT XOLALPAN 91 FOREIGN ELEMENTS AMONG THE CERAMIC FINDS . .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. . . . .. 95 Vessels decorated with figures in relief, »Maya style» .................................. 96 The yellowish-red pottery..................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 101 POLISHED RED WARE ............................................................ 104 PLUMBATE WARE ................................................................ 105 POTTERY WITH IMPRESSED ORNAMENTATION ................................ 107 POTTERY WITH MOULDED ORNAMENTS 108 POTTERY WITH IMPRESSED PATTERNS OF TEXTILE PLANT FIBRES .......... 109 EARTHENWARE ROASTING DISHES.............................................. 110 INCENSE BURNERS ................................................................ IIO»Cande1eros» ....................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. II 3 BOWLS WITH INNER HANDLES..................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. II4 CLAY FIGURINES ................................................................ 115 EAR-PLUGS 120 CLAY PELLETS 120 6 DISCS MADE FROM POTSHERDS ........ . 121 CLAy-MOULDS ........................... . 123 CLAY-STAMPS .................................................................. 125 SPINDLE-WHORLS ................................................................ 126 MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS ........................................................ 128 PART VII STONE OBJECTS 130 Stone axes ..................................................................... , 132 Points and blades ................................................................ 133 Masonry implements and rubbing-stones ............................................ 134 Bark-beaters ...................................................................... 136 Sculptural representations .......................................................... 137 Stone vessels .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 138 Ear-plugs and problematic objects .................................................. 140 OBJECTS OF OBSIDIAN .......................................................... 143 Flake knives ..................................................................... . Leaf-shaped blades . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 146 Spear-heads and arrow-points ...................................................... 147 Scrapers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ISO Circular plaques .................................................................. ISO Ear-plug and labret .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 15 1 Eccentric obsidian objects... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 152 SLATE AND MICA _............................................................... 153 OBJECTS OF BONE ................................................................ ISS MOLLUSK MATERIAL FROM THE SITES ........................................ 158 COLOUR MATERIALS ..................... _....................... " .. , .......... 160 PART VIII- APPENDICES APPENDIX I: NEGATIVE PAINTING APPENDIX 2: IN-FRESCO PAINTED AND SIMILAR WARE ...................... 168 APPENDIX 3: XIPE TOTEC ...................................................... 172 7 APPENDIX 4: THE GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF EARTHENWARE ROASTING DISHES ............................................................ 184 APPENDIX 5: THE GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE BLOWGUN IN AMERICA ...................................................................... 185 APPENDIX 6: POTTERY-MOULDING TECHNIQUE .............................. 193 APPENDIX 7: BARK-BEATERS AND PAPER MANUFACTURE .................... 197 APPENDIX 8: RASPING BONES .................................................. 204 APPENDIX 9: ENTIRE ABSENCE OF METAL OBJECTS .......................... 208 APPENDIX 10: MENDING POTTERY BY THE ),CRACK-LACING" METHOD ...... 210 APPENDIX II: EXAMINATIONS OF WALL FRAGMENTS FROM THE HOUSE RUIN AT XOLALPAN ................................................................ 2II APPENDIX 12: MICROSCOPIC INVESTIGATIONS OF CERAMICS ................ 213 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ............................................ 215 WORKS CONSULTED .......................................................... 221 INDEX ............................................................................ 234 8 ...