Measuring the Flow of Time: The Works of James A. Ford, 1935-1941

5. Analysis of Indian Village Site Collections from Louisiana and Mississippi [Includes Image Plates]

5 Analysis of Indian Village Site Collections From Louisiana and Mississippi by JAMES A. FORD School of Geology, Louisiana State University TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Foreword __________________________________________________________________________ 1 THEORY AND METHODOLOGY _______________________________ 4 Chronology ____________________________________________________________________ 4 Sherd collections ________________________________________________________ 8 Collecting methods _______________________________________________________ 11 Necessity for quantitative analysis _________________________ 12 Quantitative reliability of random collections_______ 13 Qualitative reliability ______________________________________________ 14 Discussion of classification _____ _____________________________ 15 Classification systems __________________________________________________ 17 Decoration motifs ______________________________________________ 19 Decoration elements ___________________________________________________ 20 Adaptation and arrangement of features_________________ 22 Decoration complexes _______________________________________________ 24 Internal characteristics of decoration complexes______ 25 Type sites ______________________________________________________________________ 26 GEOGRAPHICAL DESCRIPTION _____________________________ 26 EARLY HISTORY __________________________________________________________ 34 MATERIAL TO BE PRESENTED ______________________________ 37 PERIOD III Choctaw complex ________________________________________________________ 40 History of the Choctaw tribe __________________________________ 40 Identification of Choctaw ceramics ________________________ 42 Choctaw pottery complex ________________________________________ 42 Sites of the Choctaw complex ________________________________ 44 Site No.3, Nanih Waiya ______________________________________ 44 Site No.4, Nick plantation __________________________________ 48 Natchez complex ________________________.________________________.________ 50 Historical sketch of the Natchez tribe __________________ 50 Discussion of Natchez pottery ________________________________ 53 Historic Natchez pottery types ______________________________ 54 Sites yielding the Natchez complex ________________________ 59 Fatherland plantation __________________________________________ 59 Fatherland mound C ____________________________________________ 61 Fatherland village site ________________________________________ 64 Site No.6, Foster site __________________________________________ 65 Site No.7, Natchez Fort ____________________________________ 65 Ring cemetery ______________________________________________________ 69 Glass site ________________________________________________________________ 69 Caddo complex ____________._________________________________________________ 72 History of the Caddo tribes ____________________________________ 72 VI Page Identification of Caddo ceramic types __________________ 74 Discussion of Caddoan village sites ______________________ 77 Types of the Caddo complex ____________________________________ 78 Summary of Caddo village site collections ____________ 85 Other features in the Caddo collections ________________ 86 Village sites with the Caddo pottery complex________ 87 Site No. 15, Wilkinson place ________________________________ 92 Site No. 19, Harrison Bayou ______________________________ 96 Tunica complex ____________________________________________________________ 98 History of the Tunica, Yazoo, Koroa, and Ofo tribes ______________________________________________________________________ 98 Identification of Tunica ceramic types ________________ 101 Types of the Tunica complex __________________________________ 103 Summary of Tunica village site collection features 107 Sites yielding the Tunica complex __________________________ 110 Site No. 21, Haynes Bluff __________________________________ 110 Site No. 25, Anna site __________________________________________ 111 Excavated burial mounds in the valley of the Big Black river ___________________________________________________________ 115 Dupree plantation site ________________________________________ 118 Gross plantation ____________________________________________________ 120 Smith plantation __________________________________________________ 121 Chapman plantation ____________________________________________ 122 Pocahontas site ____________________________________________________ 123 Relationship of Big Black pottery to the Coles Creek complex __________________________________________________ 125 Angola farm ______________________________________________________________ 129 PERIOD II Deasonville complex ____________________________________________________ 141 Discussion of the Deasonville complex __________________ 141 Types of the Deasonville complex __________________________ 143 Summary of Deasonville collection features________ 149 Sites of the Deasonville complex ____________________________ 151 Site No. 27, Lyon's Bluff ____________________________________ 151 Site No. 32, Gamewood plantation ____________________ 154 Site No. 39, Quafalorma plantation __________________ 155 Site No. 46, York Hill plantation ______________________ 155 Site No. 43, Taylor place ____________________________________ 158 Site No. 45, Wilzone plantation __________________________ 158 Sites yielding both Deasonville and Marksville complexes ______________________________________________________________ 163 Site No. 53, Pete Clark place ______________________________ 163 Site No. 54, L. M. Coody place ____________________________ 166 Site No. 57, Old Hoover place ____________________________ 166 Site No. 60, Phillipi plantation __________________________ 167 VII Indian Village Site Collections 133 Coles Creek complex _______________________________________________ Discussion of the Coles Creek complex _______________ _ Decoration types of the Coles Creek complex___ _ Summary of features in collection'3 from Coles Creek sites ____________________________________________________________ Sites of the Coles Creek complex __________________________ Site No. 71, Smith Creek site ________________________ _ Site No. 73, Truly place __________________________________ _ Site No. 75, Chevalier mound ________________________ Sites yielding both Coles Creek and Marksville complexes _____________________________________________________________ _ Site No. 90, Hudson place _________________________________ Site No. 87, Gorum place _________________________________ Site No. 93, Neal place ____________________________________ _ PERIOD I Marksville complex _________________________________________________ Discussion of the Marksville complex ___________________ Pottery decoration types of the Marksville complex __________________________________________________________________ Summary of features in Marksville village site collections _____________________________________________________________. Sites of the Marksville complex ____________________________ Site No. 103, Marksville ______________________________________ Site No. 97, Yokena site _____________________________________ Sib No. 99, Fredericks place ______________________________ Site No. 102, Chmupa plantation __________________ _ Anderson Landing, Mississippi ______________________ _ Unrelat"d pottery types ______________________________________________ Unrelated decorations ____________________________________________ ._ CONCLUSIONS __________________________________________________________ _ Existence of complexes _____________________________________________ Ag2 differentiation of complexes ___________________________ _ Evidence of interinfluence among complexes ___,____ Overlapping of complexes _________________________________________ Complexes overlapped by village sites ___________________ Direct evidence for parts of chronology __________________ Overlapping of decorations ____________________________________ Decoration type evolution ____________________________________________ Geographic relations...