Index
262 / Notes to Pages 174–177 103. Marvin Meyers, The Jacksonian Persuasion: Politics and Belief (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1957), 7. 104. Campbell to Jackson, February 4, 1827, and Hamilton to Jackson, February 16, 1827, Correspondence of Andrew Jackson, 3:333, 344. 105. Robert V. Remini, Andrew Jackson (New York: HarperCollins, 1969), 110. South Carolina senator Robert Y. Hayne wrote Jackson on June 5, 1827, advising him that since “Mr. Clay will use every effort to draw you into some public controversy, whether on the question of the Tariff, or his intrigues, or any other matter, is to him not very material. . . . In relation to the two great questions of the Tariff and internal improvements, your opinions can need no elucidation.” Correspondence of Andrew Jackson, 3:358–59. 106. Jackson to George W. Campbell, February 14, 1828, Correspondence of Andrew Jackson, 3:390–91. 107. Jackson to Sam Houston, December 15, 1826, ibid., 325. 108. From “Obediah Penn” to the United States Telegraph, July 7, 1827, Papers of Henry Clay, 6:697. 109. Boston Masonic Mirror, May 28, 1831, 382. 110. Samuel D. Ingham, “An Exposition of the Political Character and Principles of John Quincy Adams Showing by Historical Documents and Incontestible Facts that he was educated a Monarchist: has always been hostile to Popular Government , and particularly to its great bulwark, the Right of Suffrage: and that he affected to become a Republican only to attain the power to pervert and degrade the Democratic Party; and to pave the way for such a change of the Constitution as would establish the United States, and Aristocratical and Hereditary Government ” (Washington, D.C.: Duff Green, 1827), 1. 111. For example, Old Hillsborough used arguments from Ingham’s “Exposition ” in his August 18, 1828, New Hampshire Patriot and State Gazette attack on Adams. 112. Ingham, “Exposition,” 7. 113. Ibid., 9. “Can any one read Mr. Adams’ defence of the American constitutions without seeing that he was a monarchist? And J. Q. Adams, the son, was more explicit than the father, in his answer to Paine’s rights of man. So much for leaders. Their followers were divided.” Thomas Jefferson to William Short, January 8, 1825, The Writings of Thomas Jefferson, vol. 7, ed. H. A. Washington (New York: Derby and Jackson, 1859), 390. 114. Ingham, “Exposition,” 10. 115. Ibid., 20. 116. “[The Federalist Party] was thereby broken down, by Jefferson and Samuel Adams, and men like them, succeeded in satisfying them of their error in respect to the outlines of the Constitution, and Madison procured the adoption of amendments that obviated their other objections and, as I have said before, a cordial and enduring union was formed between them and the Republicans, under the latter name. Since that period the party has undergone no change, either in its organiza- Notes to Pages 177–184 / 263 tion, its principles, or the general political dispositions of the individuals of which it has been composed. Its name has been changed from Republican to Democratic, in consequence of the increasing popular development of its course and principles, and in some degree by the circumstance that its old opponent had assumed the name of Federal Republican and by a natural desire to keep the line of demarcation between them as broad and as well defined as possible.” Martin Van Buren, An Inquiry in the Origin and Course of Political Parties in the United States, ed. Smith T. Van Buren (NewYork: Hurd and Houghton, 1867), 270. 117. Henry Louis Gates, The Signifying Monkey:ATheory of African-American Literary Criticism (NewYork: Oxford University Press, 1989), 44–45. 118. Jackson to Swartwout, February 22, 1825, Correspondence of Andrew Jackson, 3:278–80. 119. James Porton, Life of Andrew Jackson, vol. 1 (New York: Mason Brothers, 1860), 297–304. 120. Connecticut Journal, March 4, 1817, 2; Boston Gazette, March 27, 1817, 2; Connecticut Journal, April 1, 1817, 2; Newburyport Herald, April 1, 1817, 1; Rhode Island American, April 1, 1817, 2; Boston Commercial Gazette, November 4, 1822, 2; “Divide and Conquer,” Newbury Herald, April 1, 1823, 2; New Hampshire Patriot, May 5, 1823, 1; Watch Tower, May 4, 1823, 1; Eastern Argus, May 6, 1823, 2; Portsmouth Journal of Literature and Politics, May 17, 1823, 1; New-Hampshire Patriot and State Gazette, January 23, 1826, 1; New-Hampshire Gazette, May 13, 1828, 2; Eastern Argus, November 21, 1828, 2. 121. James Boyd White, When Words Lose Their Meaning: Constitutions and Reconstitution of Language, Character, and Community (Chicago: University of Chicago Press...
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