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PART I CHAPTER I The Causes of the Conflict The Kellogg Pact: This incident made war inevitable. As our brief narrative shows, events had been rushing pell-mell to a dizzy climax. Inside of a few days the horizon had been darkened by menacing clouds to such an extent that all hope of a peaceful solution had to be abandoned. The tragedy reached a climax so suddenly that all the world was astonished, even the powers who took part in it. It seemed as though they were sucked into it by a relentless destiny. The Council of the League of Nations: For these reasons the other European powers declared themselves neutral, and they scrupulously observed their neutrality throughout the war. The United States of America reaffirmed her complete disinterest in European affairs and contented herself with sending, some observers to the scene. In view of the fact that we have resolved to consider this war exclusively from the military angle in order to learn as many lessons as possible from the experience, what interests us most of all is that war broke out suddenly, with no appreciable period of incubation. The publication of official documents has proved that the governments of France, Belgium, and Germany had no intimation that the war they had striven to avoid was inevitable until the night of June 15-16. Until that date, therefore, these governments had refrained from taking any startling measures in order not to appear as aggressors. They had limited themselves to secret partial mobilization. ...

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