Signs of Power: The Rise of Cultural Complexity in the Southeast

Figures

1.1. Location of key sites discussed in this volume 4 2.1. Late Archaic sites in the Apalachicola–lower Chattahoochee and lower Flint River valley region 11 3.1. Footprints of contour-mapped shell rings 32 3.2. Sapelo shell rings sketch, surface topography, and shaded relief maps 33 3.3. Cannon’s Point shell ring surface topography and shaded relief map 34 3.4. Fig Island Rings 2 and 3 surface topography and shaded relief maps 34 3.5. Sea Pines shell ring surface topography and shaded relief maps 35 3.6. Sewee shell ring sketch and surface topography/shaded relief maps 35 3.7. Idealized locations of households and status positions in arcuate communities 39 3.8. Oxeye shell ring aerial photograph and surface and subsurface shell topography and shaded relief map 56 3.9. Guana shell ring surface topography and shaded relief/shell thickness maps 57 3.10. Rollins shell ring surface topography and shaded relief map 58 3.11. Joseph Reed shell ring surface topography and shaded relief map 60 3.12. Horr’s Island shell ring, ridges, and mounds surface topography map and contour and shaded relief/shell thickness map 61 Figures 3.13. Bonita Bay shell ring and mound surface topography and shaded relief map 64 3.14. Fig Island rings 1, 2, and 3 shell thickness topography and shaded relief map 65 4.1. Southern Midwest region pin head types 74 4.2. Bone pins from Green River, Kentucky, Archaic sites 79 4.3. Carved and engraved bone pins from the Bilbo and Stallings Island sites 82 7.1. Contour map of the Burkett site 116 7.2. Examples of Burkett points 118 7.3. Examples of baked clay objects 119 7.4. East and south pro¤les of excavation unit 57 showing plow zone and mound and submound deposits, along with sand blows from earthquake activity 124 8.1. General source locations for lithic materials identi¤ed in the Poverty Point assemblage 134 9.1. Topographic map of Watson Brake 149 9.2. Topographic map of Frenchman’s Bend Mounds 150 10.1. Principal triangle at the Caney Mounds complex 164 10.2. Secondary equilateral triangles at Caney Mounds inscribed in a vesica 166 10.3. Caney Mounds geometry 168 10.4. Geometry of Watson Brake 169 10.5. Caney templates superimposed on Claiborne and Cedarland sites 170 10.6. Outline of the Claiborne ring superimposed on the Caney Mounds 172 10.7. Caney Mounds principal triangle at twice scale superimposed on Poverty Point 173 10.8. Map of Greater Poverty Point showing the principal orientation 174 10.9. Map of Greater Poverty Point showing triangulation along the principal axes 175 viii figures 10.10. Map of Greater Poverty Point showing Principal Orientation 2 and its parallel axial lines 176 10.11. Map of Greater Poverty Point showing Principal Orientation 3 and its perpendicular orientation through the central area of the rings 177 10.12. Map of Poverty Point showing the system of nested equilateral triangles 178 10.13. Map of Poverty Point showing the Caney principal triangle and one twice its size 179 10.14. Map of Poverty Point showing the correspondence of the equilateral triangle to the location of the avenues 180 10.15. Map of Greater Poverty Point showing a hypothesis for the placement of the principal avenues through the rings 181 10.16. Map of Poverty Point showing the correspondence of the central plaza, rings, and edges of the rings to half hexagons 182 10.17. Map of Greater Poverty Point showing the three principal orientation systems and the main axial lines 183 10.18. Map of Poverty Point showing the superimposition of the Caney Mounds template at double scale 184 10.19. Map of Paso de la Amada, Chiapas, Mexico, showing the superimposition of the Caney Mounds template at double scale 186 10.20. Map of Sechín Alto, Peru, showing the superimposition of the Caney Mounds template at double scale 187 10.21. Maps of Sechín Alto showing the series of equilateral triangles that de¤ne its telescoping arrangement of plazas 188 10.22. Map of Watson Brake showing some distances in the possible native system 200 11.1. Topographic map of Watson Brake (16OU175) 222 11.2. Topographic map of Caney Mounds (16CT5) 223 11.3. Topographic map of Frenchman’s Bend (16OU269) 225 11.4. Plan of Insley Mounds (16FR2) 226 11.5. Archaic mound complexes georeferenced to largest mound and base...