Notes
Abbreviations CHS Cincinnati Historical Society, Cincinnati, Ohio DUL Duke University Library, Durham, North Carolina IHS Indiana Historical Society, William H. Smith Library, Indianapolis ISHL Illinois State Historical Library, Spring¤eld ISL Indiana State Library, Indianapolis LC Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. OR The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Of¤cial Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. 128 vols. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Of¤ce, 1880–1901. USMHI United States Army Military History Institute, Carlisle Barracks, Pennsylvania WHMC Western Historical Manuscript Collection, Columbia, Missouri Preface 1. Victor, History of the Southern Rebellion, 4:351. Chapter 1 1. During operations in western Tennessee and northern Mississippi in July 1862, Sherman sent out a patrol to shoot on sight any soldiers engaged in robbery or pillaging. If any perpetrators were captured, they received bread and water until Sherman decided to end the punishment. General Order 49, July 7, 1862, OR, ser. 1, 17, pt. 2:81. 2. Mary Chestnut calls Sherman a “nightmare, ghoul, [and] hyena,” in Woodward, Mary Notes Chestnut’s Civil War, 740. For studies arguing Sherman was the inventor of “hard war,” see Walters, Merchant of Terror and “General Sherman and Total War”; and Brins¤eld, “Military Ethics of William T. Sherman.” For studies arguing that someone other than Sherman invented hard war, see Sutherland, “Lincoln, Pope, and the Origins of Total War”; and Janda, “Shutting the Gates of Mercy.” 3. Jomini, The Art of War, 212. For examples of contemporary works in®uenced by Jomini see Halleck, International Law; and Mahan, Naval Strategy. 4. William T. Sherman to Ellen Sherman, July 28, 1861, in Simpson and Berlin, Sherman’s Civil War, 125; Cincinnati Commercial, October 17, 1861. 5. Sherman to Henry W. Halleck, July 14, 1862, OR, ser. 1, 17, pt. 1:23. 6. Halleck to Ulysses S. Grant, August 2, 1862, OR, ser. 1, 17, pt. 2:150; General Order 107, August 15, 1862, and General Order 109, August 16, 1862, OR, ser. 3, 2:388, 397. 7. Grimsley, Hard Hand of War, 100; General Order 49, July 7, 1862, and General Order 45, June 21, 1862, OR, ser. 1, 17, pt. 2:81, 23. 8. Sherman to Grant, August 17, 1862, OR, ser. 1, 17, pt. 2:178. 9. Grant quoted in Memphis Bulletin and Appeal, August 20, 1862; for more on the move away from the conciliatory stance in Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, and western Virginia, see Grimsley, Hard Hand of War. 10. Sherman to John Sherman, September 22, 1862, in Simpson and Berlin, Sherman’s Civil War, 301–2. 11. Sherman to Charles C. Walcutt, September 24, 1862, OR, ser. 1, 17, pt. 2:235. 12. Sherman to Grant, October 4, 1862, and Special Order no. 254, September 27, 1862, ibid., 235, 240. 13. Special Order no. 283, October 18, 1862, ibid., 281; Grimsley, Hard Hand of War, 117. 14. General Order no. 7, December 18, 1862, OR, ser. 1, 17, pt. 1:618–19; Sherman to James Guthrie, August 14, 1864, in Lewis, Fighting Prophet, 398. 15. Sherman to James Guthrie, August 14, 1864, in Lewis, Fighting Prophet, 398. 16. Grimsley, Hard Hand of War, 101; Grant to J. C. Kelton, December 25, 1862, OR, ser. 1, 17, pt. 1:477–78; Grant, Memoirs, 1:435. 17. Grant, Memoirs, 1:368–69. 18. OR, ser. 3, 124, pt. 3:149–51. 19. Sherman to Frederick Steele, March 31, 1863, OR, ser. 1, 24, pt. 3:158; Report of Frederick Steele, April 10, 1863, OR, ser. 1, 24, pt. 1:501–2. 20. Sherman to Steele, April 19, 1863, OR, ser. 1, 24, pt. 3:209. 21. Grant to Sherman, May 14, 1863, ibid., 312. 22. Special Order no. 105, May 14, 1863, Sherman to Mower, May 15, 1863, Grant to Peter J. Osterhaus, May 26, 1863, ibid., 315, 351; Grimsley, Hard Hand of War, 158–59; Grant to Sherman, July 18, 1863, OR, ser. 1, 24, pt. 3:528; Sherman to Grant, July 14, 1863, OR, ser. 1, 24, pt. 3:525–27; Sherman to David D. Porter, July 19, 1863, OR, ser. 1, 24, pt. 3:531. 23. Sherman to Halleck, September 17, 1863, in Sherman, Memoirs, 335–42; Sherman to John Sherman, December 29, 1863, in Simpson and Berlin, Sherman’s Civil War, 576–78. 24. Quoted in Kennett, Sherman, 235; Merrill, Sherman, 239–40; Marszalek, Sherman, 249; Sherman to A. J. Smith, January 6, 1864, OR, ser. 1, 32, pt. 2:36. 25. Sherman to John...
OR
