Time's River: Archaeological Syntheses from the Lower Mississippi Valley

Illustrations

Illustrations Figures Frontispiece. Distribution of occupation patterns in the early Mississippian Period (based on Phillips, Ford, and Griffin 2003). 1.1. Location of counties and parishes included in study area. 4 2.1. Location of the proposed Interstate 69 corridor across the United States. 9 2.2. Location of Interstate 69 corridor across northwestern Mississippi. 11 3.1. Number of sites recorded in study area. 20 3.2. Number of publications listed in the Lower Mississippi Valley Survey online bibliography. 41 5.1. A model for linking paleoenvironmental and archaeological data through the use of occupations. 94 6.1. Ceramic seriation, northern Yazoo Basin, by decoration modes. 115 6.2. Ceramic seriation, southern Yazoo Basin, by decoration modes. 116 6.3. Ceramic seriation, northern Yazoo Basin, by temper-surface finish types. 118 6.4. Ceramic seriation, southern Yazoo Basin, by temper-surface finish types. 119 6.5. Radiocarbon dates associated with seriated ceramic assemblages. 120 6.6. Site locations in seriated order, Yazoo Basin. 122 7.1. Locations identified as potential archaeological deposits on the basis of the inspection of aerial photographs and 7.5′ U.S. Geological Survey quadrangles. 133 7.2. Archaeological location identified as “Indian Mounds” on a 7.5′ U.S. Geological Survey quadrangle near the Sunflower River in Mississippi and the aerial photograph from http://www.terraserver.com (B) showing mound features. 134 7.3. Archaeological location identified as “Indian Mound” on a 7.5′ U.S. Geological Survey quadrangle (A) along Opossum Bayou in Quitman County, Mississippi, and the aerial photograph from http://www.terraserver. com (B) showing what appears to be a shell midden ring. 135 7.4. Locations of Taylor (25-I-1) and Boothe Landing (24-I-4) on a 7.5′ U.S. Geological Survey quadrangle (A) along the Ouachita River in Louisiana and the aerial photograph of the same location from http://www.terraserver.com (B) showing a semicircular ring earthwork feature that surrounds both locations. 136 7.5. Location of a semicircular earthwork feature on a 7.5′ U.S. Geological Survey quadrangle (A) along Wolf Lake in Humphreys County, Mississippi, and the aerial photograph of the same location from http://www.terraserver. com (B) showing a semicircular earthwork feature. 137 7.6. Location of a semicircular earthwork feature on a 7.5′ U.S. Geological Survey (A) along Black Bayou in Issaquena County, Mississippi, the aerial photograph of the same location from http://www.terraserver.com (B) showing a circular earthwork feature, and (C) a ground-level photo of wall feature. 138 7.7. A hierarchy of organizational units for the study of settlement patterns. 144 7.8. Surface ages of the Mississippi valley based on Saucier (1994). 148 7.9. All 1,345 recorded locations in the Mississippi River valley study area. 150 7.10. Counts of Clovis lithics by county in the survey area. 151 7.11. Counts of Dalton lithics by county in the survey area. 152 7.12. Early and Middle Archaic earthworks. 154 7.13 Distribution of Late Archaic settlement forms. 155 7.14. Distribution of shell midden settlement forms. 157 7.15. Distribution of overall settlement forms. 158 7.16. Distribution of earthworks forms. 160 viii / Figures 7.17. Overall numbers of mounds in the study area per location. 161 7.18. Distribution of mound sizes as measured by the ratio of height to basal area. 162 7.19. Distribution of conical and flattop earthen mounds. 164 8.1. Radiocarbon dates from the Mississippi Delta. 169 8.2. Post-0 a.d. radiocarbon dates from the Mississippi Delta (Sims and Connaway 2000), plotted as one-sigma calibrated ranges against the midpoint of the range. 170 11.1. Plot of logged elemental concentrations of vanadium and thorium in ceramics derived from alluvial clays of the LMV. 235 11.2. Plot of logged elemental concentrations of sodium and potassium in ceramics derived from alluvial clays of the LMV and extra-valley locations to the east (Moundville) and west (Titus, Eagle Lake). 236 11.3. Plot of logged elemental concentrations of thorium and antimony in the Moundville, Titus, and Eagle Lake reference groups. 237 11.4. Plot of logged elemental concentrations of potassium and chromium in ceramics derived from alluvial clays of the LMV, northeast Texas (Titus), north-central Arkansas, and the Red River valley of northeast Texas and southern Oklahoma. 238 12.1. Map of all...