Elements of German: Phonology and Morphology

Appendix I: Answers to exercises

Appendix I: Answers to exercises (Keep in mind the possibility of free variation!) Phonetic transcription §1.5 ['SaId3lnth] ['5153"] [13"nd] ['phllri] [SkOWph] [g3"i] [d~ns] ['OW3"] ['phUdIl)] ['sImll3"] [th~j] ['pluwmld3] ['OW3'] [sI}rekh ] [ktowzd] [thowgl ['k3'lid3] [k}gf.f] [stgkh] [fJlnd3] [ijijph] [ij3'ij] [blejks] rookh] [fejth] [d3ijph] ['kolgm] ['blowkD ] [w3"d] [wejth] ['Jug3'] [mju'zijgm] ['fJrekij3'd] [fOld] [fJoth] [thgf] [nojth] ['fijIT3"] [fOle] [i'ngf] [eruw] [phejn] ['olklstJg] [told] [khof] [eln] [S,¥Eth] ['chrellkt3"] [k3'dz] [lref] ['e3"tijn] [JUWl] ['s}ophi] [(h)wej] [fJUwgl. ] ['f}3'li] [ktijn] ['s}lph3'li] [h3'd] [fJred31. ] ['khuwg3"] [d3ijnz] [dl'vojn] ['hoj3'd] [g'fUld] [Jo.nh] [biuw] ['lojtli] [khuwth ] ['re33"] [brerl. ] [haws] ['s}ojtli] [C]uwth] ['g'?ow] ['pJlri] ['hOWZiZ] ['kep'ful] [chijph] ['CJUblkh] ['bildld] ['phuli] [chejph] ['m£33"] [kowij] ['phgri] [ch£IT] [(h)wel] [stJojpt] ['phEri] [chreij] [skoff] Phonetic transcription §1.8-German [d~jij] ['mE:t\~lnl [hanth] ['?an'mosgn] ['rajthgn] ['khawfgn] ['h~jfI~] ['hant,Ju] [Jtath] ['rajfSgn] ['b~rggn] ['y:bul)] ['ky£tJgn] ['vamul)] ['zajthg] [fO:K] [3uKno'IIst] [lY.;)'kve:m] ['e:Kdg] [v£kh ] ['?ap'kh~mgn] ['khu:bo] ['mlt'thajlgn] ['gR£ntsg] [ve:kh ] ['muthn] ['~e:mIJ] ['mlt'?ajlgn] ['jIPfgl] ['fsyIJgn] ['nyRn'bERkh] ['mYn~gn] [bu:x] [unth] ['ch~:nI~] ['fan'khunft] ['o:bu] ['by:~u] [fsum] ['ch~:nigg] ['ham'buRkh ] ['zItsgn] [l~x] [fsU:K] ['ch~:nlk,lIx] ['ne:mgn] [?~R'Ch£stu] ['lre~n] [Jll}.ol] ['vasu] ['gly:gn] [l~:st] ['awg] [hy:thg] ['ts£pr~ln] ['zu:xgn] [fsu:] ['lx>jthg] [hYthg] ['dru~gn] ['fyksg] [tseK'RajSgn] ['ftrosg] ['z£nzg] ['dRYkhgn] ['?epfgl] ['e:g'molIgg] [phas] ['Pfajlg] ['PfJ-Ykhgn] ['vrelfgl ['me:rgrg] ['ph£Sg] ['fajlg] ['m~js'~In] 140 Appendix I: Answers to exercises ['fiKmo] ['ru:n~n] [r!I§] [e'li:zobet] ['t}aJ~] [ro:th ] [ru'?i:n~n] ['ro:th~n] [the'?o:thu] ['zu:x~] [b~'jln~n] [furs] ['re:fs~l] ['f~l~n] [thu:xs] [Jyam] [t}us] ['maph~] ['fo:l~n] [fuks] [Jyon] [khus] ['?akt~n] ['frelI~] ['fyks~] [g~'ru1)~n] [gru:s] rthaJ~] ['fYl~n] ['li:njg] Phonemic contrasts §§ 2.1, 2.2 2.1 Consonantal distinctions, p. 67 INITIAL MEDIAL FINAL [p : b] packen : backen Quappe: Quabbe none [t : d] Teich: Deich leiten : leiden none [k: g] Karten : Garten Erker : Arger none [f: v] Fee: Weh none none [s : z] Sex: sechs reiBen : reisen none [m: n] Miete : Niete kiimmen : kennen wem: wen [n : 1)] none sinnen : singen rann : rang [r : 1] Reeder : Leder harren : hallen knarr : knall [r :R] none none none [r : K] none none none [R: K] none none none [k : kh] none none none [kh : ch] none none none [g : j] none none none [g : j] gar: Jahr Bogenlinie : Bojenlinie none [s : f] none Masse : Masche hass! : hasch! [J : 3] Schur: Jour none none [k: x] none Backe: Bache Bug: Buch [k: ~] none recken : rechen Strick: Strich [g : x] none Roggen: Rochen none [g : ~] none kriegen : kriechen none [x: ~] none none none [pt: p] Pfanne : Panne stopfen : stoppen Stumpf: Stump [pt : t] Pfeil: feil Hopfen : hoffen Tupf: Tuff [fs : t] none Falzer : Falter Ritz: Ritt [fs : s] none reizen : reiBen Schutz : Schuss (1) Can you explain, on the basis of your knowledge of the rules of German pronunciation, why we should, or should not, expect to find a contrast here? Appendix I: Answers to exercises 141 No voice/voiceless contrast in final position; [I)] never occurs initially; predictable variations not contrastive; in some positions, no minimal pairs available. (2) For which pairs of consonants were you unable to find a minimal pair in any position? What does this fact imply? They occur in complementary distribution. (3) Does the absence of a minimal pair always indicate a lack of contrast between the sounds in question (i.e., that a German-speaker cannot hear the difference)? No, sometimes there just are no minimal pairs available in certain positions. 2.2 Vocalic distinctions. p. 71 [i: II] [e: Ie] [a: Ia] [0: I~] [u: Iu] [y: Iv] [,,: Ire] [i: Ie:] [I Ie] [e: 10:] [a Ie] [0: 10:] [a I~] [0: Iu:] bieten : bitten Beet: Bett Staat: Stadt hole: Holle StuhIe : Stulle fiihlen : fUllen Hohle : Holle bieten : beten Silber: seIber Lehm: lahm falle : f£ille Saale : Sohle Kamm:komm Bowie: Buhle [~ Iu] [u: Iy:] [u Iv] [0: I":] [~ I re] [y: I":] [v Ire] raw I aj] raj I:>j] [~j law] [e: Ie:] [e...