Archaeology and Geoinformatics: Case Studies from the Caribbean

List of Illustrations

Illustrations Figures 1.1. Map of the Caribbean Basin with GTOPO30 digital elevation model (DEM) and political boundaries 14 1.2. Recalculated DEM using Bowditch’s standard distance to the visible horizon formula 18 1.3. Recalculated DEM using Bowditch’s standard distance to the visible horizon formula showing sample points from/to which visibility is possible 20 1.4. Visibility ranges based on point sample 21 1.5. Map showing variability in distances between coasts and landmass visibility ranges 23 1.6. Overlapping visibility areas in the Greater Antilles 24 1.7. Overlapping visibility areas in the Lesser Antilles 27 2.1. Map of Trinidad showing the location of the three watersheds selected for this study 34 2.2. Map of Trinidad showing the location of the watersheds in relation to the island’s physiography 35 2.3. Map of Trinidad and Tobago showing a sample of pre-Columbian sites on the island 38 2.4. Flow chart of weights-of-evidence procedure used in this study 39 2.5. Output weights of Landform evidential theme (Cipero watershed) 49 2.6. Output weights of Soil Texture evidential theme (Cipero watershed) 49 2.7. Output weights of Land Capability evidential theme (Cipero watershed ) 50 2.8. Output weights of Relief evidential theme (Cipero watershed) 50 2.9. Output weights of Landform evidential theme (South Oropouche watershed) 51 2.10. Output weights of Land Capability evidential theme (South Oropouche watershed) 51 2.11. Output weights of Relief evidential theme (South Oropouche watershed ) 51 2.12. Output weights of Landform evidential theme (Rest North watershed ) 52 2.13. Output weights of Soil Texture evidential theme (Rest North watershed ) 52 2.14. Output weights of Land Capability evidential theme (Rest North watershed) 52 2.15. Output weights of Relief evidential theme (Rest North watershed) 53 2.16. Posterior probability of Cipero watershed 62 2.17. Posterior probability of South Oropouche watershed 63 2.18. Posterior probability of Rest North watershed 64 2.19. Archaeological site favorability for Cipero watershed 65 2.20. Archaeological site favorability for South Oropouche watershed 66 2.21. Archaeological site favorability for Rest North watershed 67 3.1. Map of Barbados showing prehistoric site locations 77 4.1. Entity-relationship diagram of conceptual model 92 4.2. Attribute data entry form 93 4.3. Map of Trinidad created using the archaeological sites data set 93 4.4. Map of Trinidad created using the land-use data set 94 4.5. Selected sites that are within 500 m of a river and/or the coastline 95 4.6. Sites intersected with digital elevation model 95 5.1. Oxholm’s map of St. John, 1780 101 5.2. Oxholm’s map of St. John, 1800 102 5.3. Beck’s map of St. Croix, 1754 107 5.4. Map of Coral Harbor, 1720 108 5.5. Oxholm’s 1777 draft map of St. John 111 5.6. Fortification of Cruz Bay (Oxholm drawing) 112 5.7. Fort at Coral Bay (Oxholm drawing) 113 viii / Illustrations 5.8. Color aerial survey/base map, 1994 117 5.9. Field survey: Mark Hauser using GPS to locate sites 118 5.10. Identification of historic sites (Cinnamon Bay Plantation) 119 5.11. GIS plot of sites dating to 1780 and 1800 (quarter boundaries also shown) 120 5.12. Plantation production by estate and quarter (sugar, cotton, provision), 1780 versus 1800 122 5.13. Change in distribution of unfree (enslaved) population from 1780 to 1800 123 6.1. Map of Nevis showing the “divisions” 131 6.2. Mountravers: the plantation landscape 132 6.3. Upper Woodland plantation, plans from archaeological survey 133 6.4. Parris’s Garden, an eighteenth-century villa 134 7.1. Map of the parish of Trelawny located in north-central Jamaica 139 7.2. An example of how the X-parallax is observed 143 7.3. An infrared image of the study area 145 7.4. Land-cover classifications of the study area 147 7.5. Map showing potential areas for future Taino site exploration 149 8.1. Locational map of Los Gallos Point,Trinidad 157 8.2. Site map of Los Gallos Point, also depicting the possibly contemporary aboriginal Quemada Point site 158 8.3. Mercer team employing magnetometer at Los Gallos Point in 1998 159 8.4. Plan of the 1998 magnetometer surveys 160 8.5. Mercer team using Mark 1 prototype resistivity meter in...