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Notes to Pages 410-413 44. ACMHR, News Release, September 30, 1963, Shuttlesworth Papers, box 1, folder 9; ACMHR, News Release, October 1, 1963, Shuttlesworth Papers, box 1, folder 11; NYT, September 29, 1963, 79; Shuttlesworth to Royall and Blaik, October 2, 1963, Hamilton Papers, box 3, folder 40; Shuttlesworth to Boutwell and M. E. Wiggins (president of the city council), October 4, 1963, and copy of telegram, Shuttlesworth to Boutwell , October 8, 1963, both in Boutwell Papers, box 15, folder 41. 45. Cincinnati Herald, October 5, 1963, 1, 2. One of those arrested, Klansman Robert E. Chambliss, was eventually convicted of the bombing and the murder of the four girls. After lying dormant for fifteen years the case was pressed byAlabama Attorney General Bill Baxley in 1978. Chambliss received a life sentence and died in prison. Baxley later lost a bid for governor of Alabama, at least partly because of his role in convicting Chambliss. He later spoke of citizens who told him, "I would have voted for you, except for what you did to that old man:' See Louis D. Mitchell, "Another Redemption: Baxley in Birmingham:' Crisis 78 (1978): 311-17. 46. Reports to Director, FBI, from Special Agent in Charge, Cincinnati, October 11 and 12,1963, FBI file 157-0. 47. George S. Seibels Jr., Report, and Albert Boutwell, Statement, both dated October 22,1963, in Boutwell Papers, box 15, folder 42; Garrow, Bearing the Cross, 302-3; Fred Shuttlesworth, interview, June 4-7, 1990; Shuttlesworth to King, November 7, 1963, King Papers, box 22, folder 1, MLKC. 48. Bayard Rustin to Martin Luther King Jr., memorandum, November 5, 1963, King Papers, box 20, folder 39, MLKC. 49. Ardmore (Penn.) Main Line Times, January 30, 1964, and Philadelphia Inquirer, February 2, 1964, cited in FBI file 157-1525-2; Canton Repository, February 15, 1964. 50. NYT, March 10, 1964, 1, 24; Cincinnati Post and Times-Star, March 9, 1964, 4; Militant , March 19, 1964, cited in FBI HQ file 157-417-A. For fuller discussion of the import of the Sullivan decision, see Time, March 20, 1964, and Lewis, Make No Law. 51. Shuttlesworth to Boutwell, March 12, 1964, Hamilton Papers, box 3, folder 36; Shuttlesworth to Department Stores, March 16, 1964, Hamilton Papers, box3, folder 42; Shuttlesworth to Boutwell, telegrams, March 21, 1964, Boutwell Papers; ACMHR, News Release, March 19, 1964, Boutwell Papers; Royall-Blaik Interim Report to Robert F. Kennedy, March 12, 1964, Marshall Papers, Alabama File-Royall-Blaik Mission, JFKL; John Herbers, "Birmingham's Progress Slow in Race Relations:' NYT, May 15, 1964, special report. 52. Shuttlesworth told a Wall StreetJournal reporter named Tammer that Birmingham would see "more massive efforts than last summer:' This conversation is summarized in an unsigned police report, April 20, 1964, Demonstrations File, Police Surveillance Files, BPL. This anonymous report was based on conversations with a similarly unnamed source inside the ACMHR. Subsequent reports identified the ACMHR source as Vice President Ed Gardner but yielded no indication of tlIe identity of the anonymous informant. Although eventually naming Gardner as their ACMHR 500 Notes to Pages 414-421 source, these reports remained unsigned. Regarding Shuttlesworth's complaints to Gardner, see Anonymous Memo, June 4, 1964, Demonstrations File, Police Surveillance Files, B P L. 53. Anonymous Memo, June 4, 1964, Demonstrations File, Police Surveillance Files, BPL; Gaston to Boutwell, May 2, 1964, Boutwell Papers, box 15, folder 42. 54. Abraham 1. Woods Jr., interview, June 25, 1991; Fred Shuttlesworth, interview, June 4-7,1990. 55. Fred Shuttlesworth, "The National Civil Rights Crisis and Our Relationship to It;' Eighth Annual President's Address to the ACMHR, June 5, 1964, Shuttlesworth Papers , box 1, folder 1; Atlanta Daily World, June 9, 1964, 2. 56. Anonymous Memo, June 5, 1964, Demonstrations File, Police Surveillance Files, BPL; NYT, June 19, 1964, 1, 16 (quotation). 57. Cincinnati Post and Times-Star, June 27, 1964, 3; Fred Shuttlesworth, interview, June 4-7,1990; Vivian, interview, 1-2; Vivian, telephone interview, October 15, 1998. 58. NYT, July 3,1964,1,9; Rowland Evans and Robert Novak, "Birmingham-Keeping Our Fingers Crossed;' New Republic, July1964,17-18; Fred Shuttlesworth, interview, June 4-7, 1990. 59. Garrow, Bearing the Cross, 354-55,357,364; Anonymous Police Report, January 15, 1965, Hamilton Papers, box 4, folder 1; Fred Shuttlesworth, interview, June 4-7, 1990. In the interview Shuttlesworth indicated that his ACMHR board members were also bothered by what they viewed as an affront to their leader. Ed Gardner, who provided...

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