Social Origins Of Islam: Mind, Economy, Discourse

Index

305 Index Aaron, 145 ‘Abbas Ibn ‘Abd al-Muttaleb, al-, 154 ‘Abd l-Muttaleb, 99, 207 ‘Abdullah Ibn Ubay, 201–202, 271–272 n. 5 Abi ‘Amer (of Medina), 98 Abi Bakr, 148–149, 260 Abi Dharr al-Ghafary, 150 Abi Jahl, 207 Abi Lahab, 180, 192, 207 Abi Sufian, 228 Abi Talib, 173, 206–207, 214 Abraha, campaign of, 31, 224, 275 n. 38 Abraham, 6–7, 34, 145, 180, 195, 219, 224; faith of, 97–98, 146, 171 ‘Abs, tribe of, 42, 246, 248 abstraction: money economy and, x–xi, 20–29, 39, 274 n. 13, 274 n. 20; nomads and, 6, 20–22, 51; as philosophical concept, 58 Abu Zaid, Nasr Hamed, 116 Abyssinia, 6, 21, 32–33, 40, 185, 224; migration to, 162, 173–174, 210, 292 n. 69 Adam, 120–121, 144 ‘Aden, 18 Aesop, 101 agrarian life: in Islam, 243, 262; labor and right in, 34–36; low status of, 23, 30, 34, 295 n. 19; settlement and, 5, 18, 20 Ahabish, al-, 20, 225 Ahlaf, al-, 20 ‘Ali Ibn Abi Taleb, 150, 259 alienation, 69, 96–97, 240, 264 Allah. See God alms, 220, 243–245, 251, 296 n. 23 Amalikites, 85 ‘Amer, tribe of, 35–36 ‘Amer Ibn ad-Darb, 100 ‘Amru al-Maqsur, king of Kinda, 48–49 ‘Amru Ibn Kalthum, 92–94, 111–112, 157; heroics in, 138–139; knowledge in, 177–178; as leader, 159–160, 163; as spokesman of tribe, 127, 162, 176, 181–186, 215, 241 Ansar, 153–155, 190, 198–199, 245, 252; attitude toward Muhammad, 200–202, 216–17, 266; relation to Muhajirun, 218, 220, 260 ‘Antara Ibn Shaddad, 15, 89, 93, 125, 127–129, 133, 176, 241; knowledge in, 156–157, 163–170, 177–178 Arberry, A. J., xiii Arkoun, Mohammed, 116 ‘asabiyyah. See solidarity Asad, tribe of, 51, 261 A’sha, al-, xiii, 68–69, 119, 126–127, 241 Aus (of Medina), 20, 42, 154, 201, 219 Badr, battle of, 190, 198, 200–201, 231–232, 251 Bahrain, 9, 11, 21, 40, 129, 272 n. 11 Bakr, tribe of, 42, 46–47, 49, 62 Ba’laam, 101 Bashir, Sulayman, viii, 258 Basus, war of, 46, 62 Bedouins. See nomadism; nomads Bekri, al-, 17 Belyaev, E. A., 258 Bilal the Abyssinian, 150 Book of Proverbs, 110 Bostra, 18, 40 Braudel, Fernand, 30 Bravmann, M. M., 96 Brockelmann, Carl, 90 Byzantium, 18, 21, 32, 40–41, 43, 50, 52 calendar, pre-Islamic, 30, 73, 275 n. 33 camel: capacity of, 12, 22, 273 n. 15; as means of transportation, 21; as medium of exchange, 21; as a metaphor for movement, 7, 13–15; as thematic unity, 69, 135–137, 273 n. 16; value of, 24; as vehicle of escape, 187 Christianity, 79, 98; paganism and, 90, 146 Christians, 26, 119, 215 Crone, Patricia, viii, 30, 271–272 n. 5 Dabbi, al-Mufaddal al-, xiii Dahes wa l-Ghabra’, war of, 46 Dar an-Nadwah, 33, 37, 267 Daumat al-Jandal, 18 David, 101–104, 106 Dawood, N. J, xiii Day of Judgment, 154, 213–214; hierarchies on, 284 n. 30, 292–293 n. 82; kin relation on, 219 death. See life desert: demographic pressures in, 46; nature of, 3–4; in odes, 8; trade in, 29 Dhi Qar, battle of, 41, 278 n. 69, 278 n. 71 Dhubyan, tribe of, 42, 246, 248 diyyah (blood money), 12, 42, 91, 219–220, 247, 275 n. 27 Durkheim, Emile, 24 Egypt, 21, 196, 204 Empty Quarter, 3 Evans-Pritchard, Edward E., 44 exchange: hierarchy of items in, 23; in holy sites, 85; as model of relationship to God, 243; nomads and, 45; in the Qur’an, 236–237, 242; 252–253; social boundaries 306 • Index of, x–xi; standards of, 25, 274 n. 16. See also trade Fadak, 252 feudalism, 36, 276 n. 45 forbidden months, 29, 31–32, 39, 198–199, 275 n. 33, 275 n. 34 Gabriel, archangel, 144, 161 Gadamer, Hans-Georg, ix Gellner, Ernest, 258 geography, ancient, 9–10; notion of pilgrimage and, 32; in odes, 86 Ghassanides, 41–42, 49–50, 54 Ghatfan, Banu (tribe of), 32 Gibb, Hamilton A., 90 God: in commerce, 95, 236; contractual aspects of, 243; early meanings of, 105–106, 204, 239–240; as an experimental concept within paganism, 26, 89–91, 114, 208–209, 296 n. 31; as guarantor of peace, 203, 248; haram and, 185, 203; as hidden sovereign, 109; monotheistic nature...