-
Notes
- University of Minnesota Press
- Chapter
- Additional Information
N O T E S Introduction 1. For example, Fitch (1982) notes the different impacts of the centralized and federalist political structures on the legal systems of urban preservation. Frank (2002) emphasizes the role of local authorities in managing the built environment in urban America.Tung (2001) discusses how local politics influences the decisions of preservation or demolition in eighteen major world cities. 2. http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/. 2. Beijing 1. The Outer City was added in 1553, more than a century after the construction of the rest of the city. For more information on the urban history of Beijing, see Naquin (2000). 2. The four inner-city districts—Dongcheng, Xicheng, Chongwen, and Xuanwu —were merged into two districts in 2010. Dongcheng and Chongwen became one named Dongcheng, and Xicheng and Xuanwu became one named Xicheng. Because the research took place beforehand, the older district names are used in this book. 3. These mega projects are called the New Oriental Plaza (Dongcheng District ), Financial Street (Xicheng District), New World Shopping Center (Chongwen District), and SOGO Plaza (Xuanwu District). 4. The interview codes in this book take the form “B/P/CYYXX,” in which B, P, and C refer to Beijing, Paris, and Chicago, respectively; YY is the year the interview was conducted; and XX is the number of the interview in that year. 5. http://www.china.com.cn/chinese/CU-c/521549.htm. 6. http://news.xinhuanet.com/zhengfu/2003-08/28/content_1048844.htm. 7. New Oriental Plaza is a high-end complex of shopping malls, office buildings , and hotels in the heart of the old city. 8. http://www.china.com.cn/chinese/CU-c/521549.htm. 160 N OT ES TO C H A P T ER 3 9. The forced demolition has been widely reported in Chinese newspapers and other media. For example, see http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/opinion/2010-04/19/ content_9746595.htm. 10. In 1998, the EU launched a program named Asia Urbs to facilitate cooperation between local governments of EU member states and Asian countries. The main areas of cooperation are urban preservation and sustainable urban development . For more information, see http://www.asiaurbschn5-08.org. 3. Chicago 1. One of the largest U.S. disasters of the nineteenth century, the Great Chicago Fire of 1871 destroyed more than 73 miles (120 kilometers) of roads, 120 miles (190 kilometers) of sidewalk, 2,000 lampposts, 17,500 buildings, and $222 million in property—about a third of the city’s valuation. Of the 300,000 inhabitants, 90,000 were left homeless.To this day, the exact cause and origin of the fire remain uncertain. However, rebuilding began almost immediately after the fire, and it spurred Chicago’s development into one of the most populous and economically important American cities. For more information about the fire and its impact, see Sawislak (1995). 2. Aldermanic seats in Chicago are determined by election, but when someone dies or leaves office during his or her term, the mayor appoints the replacement, who must then run in the next election. See Gosnell (1937) and Simpson (2001). 3. http://www.chicagobungalow.org/. 4. http://webapps.cityofchicago.org/landmarksweb/web/home.htm. 5. http://www.state.il.us/hpa/ps/; http://www.nps.gov/history/heritageareas/ REP/criteria.pdf. 6. http://www.illinoishistory.gov/PS/taxfreeze.htm. 7. http://www.thepilsenalliance.org/. 8. In 1998, nine buildings in Bronzeville were designated by the municipality as Chicago Landmarks.These buildings were major business or cultural institutions for the African American community or were designed by black architects, and they highlight the prosperity of the community in the first half of the twentieth century. Nevertheless, the landmark designation of individual buildings has had little impact on the general community. Worse, many of the landmark buildings are abandoned or dilapidated, because of their owners’ lack of money. For more information on the nine landmark buildings in Bronzeville, see http://webapps.cityofchicago.org/ landmarksweb/web/districtdetails.htm?disId=6&counter=28. 4. Paris 1. Since 1985 the cumul des mandats has been reduced to just two offices, and further restrictions were placed on the ability of big-city mayors to hold seats in the National Assembly or Senate. See Savitch and Kantor (2002). [54.198.146.13] Project MUSE (2024-03-29 11:59 GMT) N OT ES TO C H A P T ER 4 161 2. The Caisse des Dépôts et Consignations (Deposits and Consignments Fund) is a French...