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263 Abu-Lughod, Janet, 10 aerospace industry, 23, 45 AFL-CIO, 208 African American neighborhoods, 60, 63, 67, 81, 90, 98, 102–3 Albany Park Work Center (APWC) (Chicago), 66–67; broker role, 174, 191, 195, 196–97; geographical focus of, 207; political connections, 208, 211; as research site, 77; shape-ups as organizing sites, 190–91; wage theft intervention, 194, 195 Aldi, 90 Alinsky, Saul, xi antiunion activities, 33. See also employer retribution for union campaigns Assembly Bill 633 (California), 215 auto industry, 45, 241n4 Beauregard, Bob, 63 bidding process, 46, 73, 166, 182–85, 245n5 Big-Box Bill campaign (Chicago), 67 big-box retailers: competition with chain grocery stores, 94; economies of scale, 90, 242n1; employee compensation, 88; expansion of, 69, 242n5; market share, 83, 98; organizing aimed at, 67; and price-based competition, 111; and United States as international outlier, 12 Bluestone, Barry, 14 Blumenfeld, Hans, 13 bodégas. See midsize supermarkets Boeing, 23 border crossing debt, 34, 36, 106, 119, 132, 233 Boston, 216, 223 breaks. See employer retribution Brenner, Neil, 10, 56 bulk purchasing. See economies of scale Bureau of the Census, 73, 74 Bureau of Labor Statistics, 73 business models. See employer strategies business-to-business services, 46 Cameron, Angus, 226 capital investment, alternatives to: and job degradation, 38, 43–44, 81–82, 106; and residential construction industry instability, 149; and residential remodeling, 59 capital mobility: dominant narrative focus on, 14, 24; and global cities theory, 23; and market fragmentation , 45; and organizing strategies, 30–31 Carré, Francoise, 243n6 Index 264 · INDEX Casa de Maryland, 207 Centro Comunitario Juan Diego, 67 chain grocery stores: big-box retailer competition with, 94; consolidated ownership in, 85–86; employee compensation, 82–83, 88–89, 113, 243n4; and ethnic solidarity, 104, 105, 137–38; expansion of, 69; and food desert issue, 97–98; and limitations of Fordist model, 88, 95, 110, 113–14; management, 117; midsize supermarket competition with, 15, 82, 98–100, 104, 110, 125; and price-based competition, 83–84, 111, 243n2; profit margins, 139; suburban expansion, 84–85; unions, 86, 88, 95, 113 change strategies. See organizing strategies Chiapas case study, 125–29, 243n7 Chicago: African American neighborhoods , 60, 63, 67, 81, 90, 98, 102–3; Big-Box Bill, 67; deindustrialization in, 52–53; food retail industry overview, 69–71, 242n5; as Fordist paradigm, 52, 53, 96–97; housing boom, 23–24, 59–60, 160; as ideal research location, 53–54, 96–97; immigrant population, 53, 60–63, 65, 89–90, 97, 242nn1,2; legalrealignment strategies, 215–16; outer neighborhood transformation , 60–65; political machine in, 54, 58–59, 66, 67; residential construction industry overview, 71–73; unions, 168; Washington administration activism, 58–59, 67; workers’ organizations in, 65, 66–68. See also Albany Park Work Center; Chicago, economic inequality in Chicago, economic inequality in: growth of, 54–56, 57; and Loop investment, 58, 59; and neighborhood -level transformation, 56–58; symbols of, 49–50; unique nature of, 53–54 Chicago school, 52 coethnic workers, 103–4, 119, 243n7. See also ethnic solidarity collective bargaining. See unions command-and-control centers, 7, 50 Community Labor Coalition of the Lower East Side (New York), 220 community–labor organizations. See union campaigns; workers’ organizations competition. See cost-based competition ; employer strategies construction industry: and downtown investment, 59; general contractor model, 164, 165–66; heterogeneity within, 20; industry codes, 73–74, 244n2, 245n7; labor-intensive models in, 38, 151; organizing challenges, 40–41; research methods, 76–77, 78; subcontracting , 59, 73, 149; unions, 13, 59, 166, 168, 169, 177, 180. See also day labor; residential construction industry consumer pressure, 221, 222–23. See also public pressure contingent work, 1–2, 32, 191, 194, 205 corporate structure, 6–10, 23 cost-based competition: food retail industry, 85, 88, 106, 139–40; and low-income markets, 106; pressures toward, 38, 39–40, 44, 46; vs. quality-based competition, 42–45, 83–84, 106; residential construction industry, 154 [54.166.223.204] Project MUSE (2024-03-29 00:22 GMT) INDEX · 265 Daley, Richard M., 23, 24, 54, 58–59, 66, 67 Daley, Richard J., 58 Davis-Bacon Act, 13, 59, 146, 167 day labor, vii–viii, ix–x, 1–2; benefits of, 169–70, 171–72, 197–99; contingent nature of, 1–2, 191, 194; and contractor networks, 196–97; and deskilling, 177–80, 201–2, 245nn3,4; employee compensation , 173, 174–77, 191, 245n2; and employee misclassification, 245n14; and employer official invisibility, 210, 244n4; employer strategies, 29; hiring process...