Landscapes of Fear

Index

Index abandonment and abandonment fear, 15, 26-7, 32-3; childhood, 15, 19-20; in Eskimo lore, 49, 50-1 Abrams, Philip, 226,237 adolescence, 3, 5 adults, 202; fears, 12, 34; nightmares, 17; schizophrenic, 204; view of childhood, 11-12, 25-34 Africa and Africans: Amba, 106; burial customs, 116; children, 30-1; Congo rain forest, 36-8, 41, 53; Dinka, 109; earliest hominids, 45-7; Gabon, 114; Gusii, 108; Kaguru, 108, 109, 115; Kalahari Bushmen, 21, 41-3, 44, 48, 49; Kpelle, 122; Lugbava, 109;Mbuti Pygmies, 36-8, 39, 40, 41, 43^1, 221-2; Mende, 54, 116-17; night fears, 22, 108; omen interpretation, 111; Shona, 110, 115, 117; Wambugwe, 111; witchcraft beliefs, 108-9, 110, 111-12; Zande, 111. See also Egypt; tribal cultures afterlife, 46, 175. See also death and death fears; ghosts and ghost beliefs; spirits agoraphobics, 204 agriculture and agricultural peoples: Amba, 106; earliest, 51-5; English enclosure movement, 141; Mende, 54, 116-17; premodern, 61-5; shifting cultivation,52; Tarongans, 54-5. See also countryside; farmers; tribal cultures Ahern, Emily M., 118, 119 Ahts, 121 air, as disease source, 88, 95-8 alarm, 5, 36. See also fear Albigensians, 79 Alexander, John E., 166, 238 Allestree, Richard, 28-9 Allison, T., 4, 219 almshouses, 200. See also poor; prisons Alps, 79, 109 Alsatias, 161-2 Amba people, 106 Ammar, Hamed, 31,222 amphibians, 14-16 Amsterdam, 193 anarchy, see cities and urban fears ancestors and ancestral spirits, 54, 55,90, 113, 114, 115, 116-20 Andrews, William, 178, 240 angels, 74, 79, 210 Anglicus, Bartholomaeus, 81 animal nature, 27-8. See also animals; nature animals: childhood fear of, 13-15, 17; Chinese view, 120; demons, 83, 92; in "fearless" societies, 40; fear responses of, 3-5, 14, 35; friendly, 21; herbivores, 4; medieval fear of, 80, 81-4; reptiles and amphibians, 13, 14-15, 17, 30, 39, 83, 109, 206; sacrificial, 70; slaughter of, 139; souls of, 50; wild, 4, 5, 14, 80, 81-3, 109, 113, 115, 120; witch-associated, 108-9, 110. See also names of animals Index 246 anthropology, 222. See also tribal cultures anxiety, 10, 20, 33, 36, 69, 202, 212; denned, 5; in primitive art, 47. See also fear; landscapes of fear Apoko, Anna, 22, 220 Appalachia, 140 Appleby, Andrew P., 67, 226 archaeologists, 222 archaic civilizations, 56-61. See also Aztec civilization; Babylonian civilization; China and the Chinese; Egypt; Sumerians Aries, Philippe, 26, 27, 29, 221 Aristippus, 25 Aristotle, 94 Armstrong, Edward A., 82-3 art: medieval, 75, 76, 180; Upper Paleolithic, 47 Arunta people, 121 Ashwin, E. A., 230 Asia, 47, 51. See also China; Japan astrology, 94. See also heavenly bodies astronomy, 145, 146. See also heavenly bodies Athelstan, 177 Attenborough, F. L., 177, 240 Augustine of Hippo, 77 Augustus (Rome), 154 Australia, 121 Avicenna, 96, 97 Ayedelotte, Frank, 192, 242 Aykroyd, W. R., 62, 225 Aztec civilization, 59, 60, 70 Babylonian civilization, 58, 94, 145 Bacon, Francis, 94 Bacon, M. K., 220 Bailey, Cyril, 123, 233 Balazs, Etienne, 163, 164, 187-8, 238, 241 Balinese, 28, 30, 205, 206, 207 bandits, 130, 137. See also robbers Baroja, Julio Caro, 109, 110, 231 Barry, H., 220 Basore, J. W., 25, 221 Basques, 109, 110 Bateson, Gregory, 205, 207, 243 bats, 4, 109 Bayne-Powell, Rosamond, 148, 161, 236, 238 Becker, E. J., 84, 85, 228 Becker, Howard S., 239 Bede, Venerable, 77, 84 beggars, 191-2, 195. See also poor Beidelman, T. O., 108, 115, 231 Belden, Jack, 63, 225 Bell, Daniel, 215, 244 Bell, Walter George, 95, 99, 102-3, 229, 230 Bellamy, John, 132, 178, 180, 234, 240 Bensimon, Marc, 180, 240 Bentham, Jeremy, 185, 241 Beowulf, 81 Berce, Y. M., 136, 234 Bernard, Leon, 165, 238 Berossus, 58 Besant, Walter, 151, 236 Betjeman, John, 149, 236 betrayal fear: childhood, 19, 207; Eskimo, 50-1 Bettelheim, Bruno, 19, 20, 220 Bible, 60, 78, 93, 212 Billacois, Francois, 234 birds, 4, 5, 83; lightning-, 110 Birket-Smith, Kaj, 49-50, 224 Black Death, see plague black people, 166, 173. See also Africa and Africans Blair, Peter Hunter, 77,227 Bleak House (Dickens), 149-50 Bloch, Marc, 76, 78 Blurton-Jones, N. G., 219, 220 Blythe, Ronald, 139, 142, 235 Bodde, Derk, 187-8, 241 body: cultural views, 27; integrity of, 87, 207. See also disease and disease fears Boguet, H., 107, 230 Bosch, Hieronymus: Wandering Fool, 180 Boston: fires, 155; penal institutions, 198, 201; strangers in, 160. See also United States: colonial...