Collecting Mexico: Museums, Monuments, and the Creation of National Identity

Index

215 Index Page references in italics refer to illustrations Academia de San Carlos, 3, 32; aesthetic experience of, 29; biblical/classical subjects of, 34, 47; conservatism of, 32–33, 47; directorial staff of, 37–38; European traditions of, 30, 34, 35, 36–39, 57; expositions of, 24; governmental support for, 35; international influences on, 104; as marketplace, 48, 49, 50, 177– 78; on national canon, 31; and national landscape, 63; national style and, 79; patrimonial base of, 10, 104; patrons of, 57–58, 193n73; published guides to, 61; renovations to, 38, 189n13; reorganization of, 37, 188n1; travel stipends from, 137; visitors to, 29, 189n14. See also National School of Fine Arts of Mexico Aching, Gerard, 187n44 aesthetics, Mexican national: commercial promotion of, 24, 49; development of, 26; realism in, 123; at world’s fairs, 137, 138 Aguirre, Robert, 18; on foreign scholarship, 71, 72; on statistics, 154 Álcaraz, Ramón, 33, 191n43 allegory, and myth, 202n19 Alonso, Carlos: The Burden of Modernity, 20 Altamirano, Ignacio Manuel, 24, 35, 47, 191n44; on Alejandro Casarín, 192n52; on artistic production, 53–54; on education, 168; liberalism of, 30; on Librado Suárez, 191n49; on Mexican genres, 49; on national canon, 64; on national landscape, 63 Altshuler, Bruce: Salon to Biennial, 36 Alzate y Ramírez, José, 96 Anales del Museo Nacional, 66; contributors to, 194n2; historical/scientific discourse in, 89 Andermann, Jens, 2; Galerías del progreso, 22; The Optic of the State, 5 Anderson, Benedict, 126 anthropology: British, 73; Mexican, 92 Anuario Estadística: for 1894, 160; for 1895, 165 Appadurai, Arjun, 113; on consumption, 123, 126; The Social Life of Things, 185n2 Arango y Escandón, Alejandro, 118 216 · INDEX archaeology: Latin American, 22; professionalization of, 69 archaeology, Mexican, 91; authority in, 82; commercial subtext of, 67; foreign interests in, 67–77, 197n50; foreign scholarship on, 71; funding for, 90; Maya, 75, 76–77; Museo Nacional Salon of, 84, 88; nationalistic discourse of, 77; nationalization of, 25, 66, 92; newspaper coverage of, 92; and patriotism, 49, 95; during Porfiriato, 65–66, 77; positivism in, 81; public interest in, 92; repatriation of, 82; role in foreign diplomacy, 77; Romanticdescriptive , 74; scientific, 74. See also pre-Columbian artifacts; preColumbian monuments archives, metaphorical reading of, 196n41 Argentina, at Exposition Universelle of 1889, 137, 151, 203n29 Arrieta, José Agustín, 30; impact on visual culture, 44 Arrieta, José Agustín, works: Escena popular de mercado series, 41, 42, 42–44, 53; Glassworks, 51, 52, 53; Interior de una pulquería, 44 art: globalized, 179–80; international bienniels, 179; as merchandise, 188n3 art, Mexican: alma nacional in, 57; authenticity in, 138; in blockbuster exhibits, 180; class-related boundaries in, 40; commercial value of, 30, 58–64; consumption in, 42–43, 44–46, 49; costumbrista, 41–43, 44–46, 178; criollismo movement in, 56–57, 193n72; democratization of, 39–44; European aesthetic of, 19, 30, 54, 188n10; genres of, 24, 30, 44–46, 51, 188n10; hierarchy in, 46–47; international audiences for, 131, 179; marketability of, 46–50, 54, 104– 5, 179; mass production in, 53; materialism in, 58, 60; Mexican entrepreneurs’ role in, 117; national, 29, 54; national rhetoric of, 30; newspaper debates on, 39, 40, 189n13; pictorial vocabulary of, 54, 57; of Porfiriato, 33, 35, 36, 39, 47; preservation of, 50; privately commissioned, 47–48, 54, 57, 179; public debates over, 30; public exhibits of, 190n32; role in progress, 60; spirituality in, 58, 60; transcendent/sacred value of, 30; urban scenes in, 43; U.S. market for, 50; viewing public for, 39–44. See also painterly canon, Mexican art critics, Mexican: on genre paintings, 44–46; liberal, 30; on national canon, 39–40, 49–50, 105; on national identity, 53; on painting hierarchy, 46–47 artists, Mexican: material survival of, 60 arts, Latin American: development of, 19 astronomy, Mexican, 82 authors, Mexican: monuments to, 108 Aztecs: civilization of, 195n5; cosmology of, 96, 203n19; gods of, 144, 146–47; monuments to, 107–9 INDEX · 217 Báez-Maciás, Eduardo, 39 Bagally, J. James, 37 Bal, Mieke, 163, 205n27; The Cultures of Collecting, 12 Banamex Collection, 50–54; genre paintings in, 51, 178, 188n10 Banco Hispano Americano (Madrid), 115 Banco Mercantil (Mexico City), 115 banditry, Mexican, 9 Baranda, Joaquín, 116–17 Bárcena, Mariano, 90 Barreda, Gabina, 172; positivism of, 9–10 Bartra, Roger: La jaula de la melancolía, 136; “El luto primordial,” 139–42 Batres, Leopoldo, 66, 81, 195n6 Baudrillard...