Everyday Environmentalism: Creating an Urban Political Ecology

Notes

137 Notes Introduction 1. Donna Haraway, When Species Meet (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2008), 3. 2. Lucien Goldmann, “Reflections on History and Class Consciousness,” in Aspects of History and Class Consciousness, ed. István Mészáros (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1971), remarks that the rebirth of dialectical thought, as with Marx’s own transformation of Hegel, correspondswith certain social realities: the turn to Hegelby Lenin, Lukács, and Gramsci corresponds to an age of revolutionary upheaval (66). 3. Karl Marx, Capital: Volume 1 (London: Penguin, 1976), 103. 4. For a classic periodization of art’s changing role in relation to broader social forces, see Peter Bürger, Theory of the Avant-Garde (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1984). 5. Jacques Rancière, The Emancipated Spectator (London: Verso, 2008),has, in part, argued against such an understanding, claiming that this distance is assumed by critical theorists and contemporary artists and that, in contrast, the spectator has always been active and engaged. However, in the case of the physical separation referred to here, I see no problem in referring to this distancing. 6. Jane Rendell, Art and Architecture: A Place Between (London: I. B. Tauris, 2006). 7. Henri Lefebvre, Everyday Life in the ModernWorld (London: Continuum, 2002), 204; Henri Lefebvre, Writings on Cities (Oxford: Blackwell, 1996), 147. 8. Marx, Capital:Volume 1, 279; Karl Marx, EarlyWritings (London: Pelican, 1975), 348–50. 9. Harold Wolpe, “Capitalism and Cheap Labour-Power in South Africa: From Segregation to Apartheid,” Economy and Society 4, no. 2 (1972): 425. 10. Jared Diamond, Guns, Germs, and Steel: A Short History of Everybody for the Last 13,000 Years (London: Vintage, 1997). For critiques, see Andrew Sluyter, “NeoEnvironmental Determinism, Intellectual Damage Control, and Nature/Society Science ,” Antipode 35, no. 4 (September 2003): 813–17; and (perhaps surprisingly) for a more forgiving critique, see David Harvey, Cosmopolitanism and the Geographies of Freedom (New York: Columbia University Press, 2009). 11. Jeffrey Sachs, The End of Poverty: Economic Possibilities for Our Time (London: Penguin, 2005); Richard Peet and Elaine Hartwick, Theories of Development (London: Guilford Press, 2009), 135. 12. John Bellamy Foster, Marx’s Ecology: Materialism and Nature (NewYork: Monthly Review Press, 2000). 13. Rachel Carson, Silent Spring (London: Hamish Hamilton, 1963). 14. For one example, seeTed Benton, “Marxism and Natural Limits: An Ecological Critique and Reconstruction,” New Left Review 1, no. 178 (November–December 1989). The Romantic tradition remains important for much of Benton’s work on red–green politics and his work in the Red–Green Study Group. 15. Stephen Daniels and Georgina H. Endfield, “Introduction: Narratives of Climate Change,” Journal of Historical Geography 35, no. 2 (2009): 215–22. 16. Paul Kingsnorth, “ A Windfarm Is Not the Answer,” The Guardian, July 31, 2009. 17. Erik Swyngedouw, “Impossible Sustainability and the Postpolitical Condition,” in The Sustainable Development Paradox: Urban Political Economy in the United States and Europe, ed. Rob Krueger and David Gibbs (London: Guilford Press, 2008). 18. John Roemer, Analytical Marxism (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986), 191. 19. It could also be noted that if Bertell Ollman can create a dance of the dialectic (open to anyone with a vague sense of rhythm), this claim of obscurantism seems flawed. 20. Bertell Ollman, Alienation: Marx’s Concept of Man in Capitalist Society (Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 1973). 21. Ibid. 22. David Harvey, Justice, Nature, and the Geography of Difference (Oxford: Blackwell , 1996). Perhaps an even clearer contribution can be found in Harvey, Cosmopolitanism and the Geographies of Freedom. 23. Nancy C. M. Hartsock, “Moments, Margins, and Agency,” Annals of the Association of American Geographers 88, no. 4 (1998): 708. 24. David Harvey, “On the Deep Relevance of a Certain Footnote in Marx’s Capital ,” Human Geography 1, no. 2 (2008): 26–31. 25. Marx, Capital: Volume 1, 493. 26. Harvey, “On the Deep Relevance of a Certain Footnote in Marx’s Capital,” 29. 27. Hartsock, “Moments, Margins, and Agency,” 709. 28. Harvey, Cosmopolitanism and the Geographies of Freedom. 29. Henri Lefebvre, Critique of Everyday Life, 3 vols. (London: Verso, 2002), 2:36. 30. Ibid., 2:37. 31. Malcolm Miles, Urban Avant-Gardes: Art, Architecture, and Change (London: Routledge , 2004), 14. 32. Antonio Gramsci, “Art and the Struggle for a New Civilization,” in The Antonio Gramsci Reader, ed. David Forgacs (London: Lawrence and Wishart, 1988), 394. 138 Notes to Introduction 33. Walter Benjamin, “The Author as Producer,” New Left Review 1, no. 62 (July– August 1970...