Body and Soul: The Black Panther Party and the Fight against Medical Discrimination

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BODY AND SOUL This page intentionally left blank BODY AND SOUL THE BLACK PANTHER PARTY AND THE FIGHT AGAINST MEDICAL DISCRIMINATION Alondra Nelson University of Minnesota Press Minneapolis London Copyright 2011 by the Regents of the University of Minnesota All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic , mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Published by the University of Minnesota Press 111 Third Avenue South, Suite 290 Minneapolis, MN 55401-2520 http://www.upress.umn.edu Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Nelson, Alondra, author. Body and soul : the Black Panther Party and the fight against medical discrimination / Alondra Nelson. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-8166-7648-4 (hc : alk. paper)—ISBN 978-0-8166-7649-1 (pb : alk. paper) 1. Minorities—Medical care—United States. 2. Discrimination in medical care— United States. 3. Race discrimination—United States. 4. Black Panther Party. I. Title. RA448.5.N4N45 2011 362.1089'96073—dc23 2011040833 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper The University of Minnesota is an equal-opportunity educator and employer. 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 For my parents This page intentionally left blank ...