The Interface: IBM and the Transformation of Corporate Design, 1945–1976

Index

268 Notes to Chapter X Index 269 Index A Abramovitz, Max, 4, 141–42 abstraction, 194 “Accelerating the Progress of Business” (Watson), 102 Adams, Ansel, 109, 110 advertisements, 39, 40, 43, 187 AEG (Allgemeine Elektrizitäts Gesellschaft), 3, 20 AEG Turbine Factory, Berlin, 20 Ahlborn, G. G., 182 Aiken, Howard, 68 air attacks: U.S. defense against, 124–27 Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, 128, 131 Albers, Josef, 37 Alcoa, 21, 22 Alexander, Christopher, 224 Allgemeine Elektrizitäts Gesellschaft (AEG), 3, 20 Althusser, Louis, 199 American Airlines, 78 American Radiator, 21–22 American Sheet and Tin Plating Company, 21 Anderson, Stanford, 19, 20 architects: role of, 19, 22 Architects Collaborative, The, 139 architecture, 11, 22, 30, 131–32, 156, 180, 184–85, 223–24, 241n71; corporate, 13, 218; details, 111, 112, 118, 136, 137; fortress, 127, 147; modernist, 19; theories of, 11–12, 19, 20; vernacular, 19 Architecture Plus (journal), 154 Arendt, Hannah, 30 Arens, Egmont, 21 art: abstract, 164–65; relationship to machines/ technology, 19–20, 164–65, 226–27. See also machine art artificial intelligence (AI), 63 Arup Associates: IBM RESPOND Centre, Havant, England, 152–53 Association of Computing Machinery conference (1970), 163 B Bakis, Henry: IBM: Une multinationale régionale, 143, 147, 258n105 ball bearings, 22 Banham, Reyner, 1, 59, 61, 133, 218 Barr, Alfred, Jr., 21, 224 Baudrillard, Jean, 10, 201 Bauhaus, 18, 19–20 Bayer, Herbert, 3, 168–69, 191–92 BBPR (firm), 39 Behrens, Peter, 3, 11, 19, 21; attitude toward technology, 19–20 Bel Geddes, Norman, 21, 32, 34 bell curves, 178 Bell Telephone Laboratories, Holmdel, New Jersey, 120 Bergdoll, Barry, 19 Berkeley, Edmund C.: Giant Brains, or Machines That Think, 163 Berle, Adolf A.: The Modern Corporation and Private Property, 6 Bernstein, Elmer, 45, 209 Biddensieg, Tilmann, 19, 20 Big Blue. See IBM Bingham Stamping and Tool, 21 Blake, Peter, 111, 133 blinds: external, 152 Bloomingdale’s, 28 “blue rooms,” 125, 157 Bolles, John S., 112; IBM Manufacturing and Administration Building, San Jose, California, 118, 119 Bombe (computer), 63 Boullée, Étienne-Louis, 180 Boutourline, Serge, 197–98, 202 Breuer, Marcel, 4, 18, 34, 112, 139, 191; chairs of, 28–29; IBM Administration Building, Boca Raton, Florida, 147, 149; IBM France Research and Development Laboratory, La Gaude, France, 143–47; UNESCO Headquarters , Paris, 143 Broudy, Charles, 202 Bullen, Dick, 38 bunkers, 126, 127, 147 Butler, Samuel: Erewhon, 164 C calculators: for targeting antiaircraft, 67 California Museum of Science and Industry, Los Angeles, 176 Carreiro Sklaroff Design Associates, 202 cathedrals, Gothic, 180 Caudill Rowlett Scott (CRS), 48 270 Index cells, 146 chairs, 25, 26–29, 239n29; Conversation chair, 26–27, 29–30, 239n33 Chermayeff, Ivan, 133, 223 circuit boards, 226 circuses, 185, 188, 189 Clarke, Arthur C., 159 clocks, 108 Cohen, I. Bernard, 208, 213–14 Colossus (computer), 63, 66 columns: Cor-Ten steel, 185; “tree,” 144, 146, 183 commodity fetishism, 62 communication, 11, 12; theory of, 43–45, 53, 219, Plates 3–4 Communications Primer, A (film), 43–45, Plates 3–4 computer-aided design (CAD), 158 Computer and the Mind of Man, The (TV series), 214–15 Computer Glossary, or Coming to Terms with the Data Processing Machine, A (film and pamphlet), 173–75 Computer Landscape, A (film), 208, 215 Computer Perspective, A (exhibition, New York), 208–15; Communications Rack, 208–11, 212–13; History Wall, 213–14; House of Cards Bay, 210, 212, 267n119 Computer Perspective, A (film), 215 computer rooms, 82, 153, 210. See also “white room” computers, 9, 13, 33, 62–67, 91–93, 112, 153–56, 175, 176, 193–95, 224; architecture of, 62, 65, 66, 67–74, 76–78, 80, 158; bases, 80–81; channels, 91; character recognition and, 187; control panels, 89–90; data and program storage, 68, 76; design of, 12, 59, 60–62, 74–84; display of, 46, 75–76, 77–78, 162, Plate 5; “disturbingness” of, 198–99; enclosures for, 79, 82, 84, 89–90; externals, 61, 74, 77, 78, 79, 81, 84, 87, 88; history of, 213–14; input/output (I/O) units, 74–75, 77–78, 81, 82; internals, 75–76, 80, 81, 87, 212; installations of, 73–74, 89–91; jargon of, 173–75; mainframe, 66; market for, 7, 38, 68–70, 84, 88, 163; mass production of, 84; memory units, 70, 77, 78, 84, 109, 110; modules, 88–91, 109, 158; movements of, 81–82, 212; naturalizing, 13, 172–75, 176, 181–82, 194, 199...