Yellow Future: Oriental Style in Hollywood Cinema

Index

Abbott, Andrew, 214n.19 Abercrombie & Fitch, 190 accumulated progress: notion of, 61 action films: emphasis on physicality and nonwhite characters and motifs in, 171 action heroes: Neo’s divergence in The Matrix from, 179–80 Adams, Brooks, 7 addiction in Neuromancer, 12 Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert, The, xiv affirmative action initiatives, 169 African Americans: authenticity attached to, 93–94, 98, 100; in Batman Begins, 32; in cyberpunk, 13; masculinity, 98, 100, 122; racial triangulation and, 40, 95. See also blackness; black/white binary; race “Afro-Asian” films, xi, xiii, 19. See also hip-hop kung fu Afro Orientalism, 19, 136 Ahmed, Sara, 15, 206n.6, 208n.39, 209n.60 Ahn, Philip, 218n.51 Aiiieeeee! An Anthology of Asian American Writers (Chin et al.): introductory essay in, 98–99 Akira (1986), 174 Alba, Jessica, 224n.16 Alexie, Sherman, 197 Alias (2001–6), 153 Alien (1979), 56, 58, 182 alienation effect (Verfremudungs effekt), 35 Allison, Anne, 222n.48 All the Invisible Children (2005), 133 Altman, Robert, 34 American Africanism, 93 American Dragon: Jake Long (2005–7), 141 American exceptionalism, 88 American Orientalism, 4, 33, 38–42; Cold War, 41, 44; contradictory faces of, 65–75; divergences from European Orientalism, 38–39, 41 Ana, Jeffrey J. Santa, 224n.15 Anderson, Benedict, 200, 206n.13, 226n.4 Ang, Ien, 209n.52 Animatrix, The (2003), 163, 174 anime (Japanese animation), xiii, 139– 43; as cinema of de-assurance, 139– 40; distributors, 141; as Hollywood’s aesthetic and narrative other, 140; influence of Blade Runner on Japanese animators, 175; influence on The Matrix, 174, 179; mecha, 141–43, 174; mise-en-scène in, role of, 140; narrative characteristics of, 139–40; otaku label as badge of honor among hard-core U.S. anime Index 227 fans, 84; roots in traditional Japanese art, 140; special effects technologies anticipated by, 174 Another 48 Hours (1990), 91 anterior future, 26 antimiscegenation laws, 80, 167 Antonioni, Michelangelo, 34 anxiety: over authenticity, 49–50; in late 1980s about foreign takeover of U.S. businesses and culture, 114; Oriental city and American, 51–81; about rising number of Asian Americans, 42 Anzaldúa, Gloria, 98, 169–70, 217n.40, 224n.17 appropriation: of Asian “know-how” by Anglo-Americans, 86; of East Asian cultural forms, 138; reworking notion of, 170–72 art cinema: growing U.S. market for, 34 Art of Action: Martial Arts in the Movies, The (documentary), 137–38 Asian/American, 4, 199–200; PalumboLiu ’s notion of, 4, 199 Asian American movement, 4, 98–99 Asian Americans: “Asian American” as collective identity, 47; assimilated Asian American woman, 95–96; authenticity of Asian American men, degrees of, 94–95; in cyberpunk, 13; diversity of, 46; elements defining social and political identity of, 4–5; hip-hop and, 138; as members of horizontal network, 200; percent of total U.S. population, 44; racial triangulation and, 40; recognition of differences within, 199–200; resistance to model minority, 98–99 Asian American studies, 99, 199 Asian and Asian American movies: approaches to, ix; countering gaze of, 198 Asian men in Hollywood films, 96–97 Asian Pocahantas, 87–89, 95, 96 Asian whiteface, 137 Asia Pacific Triangle, 44, 45 Asiatic Barred Zone, 44 assimilation: Asian American, in buddy films, 86; assimilated Asian American woman, 95–96; eradication of model minority by, 48–49, 50; inclusion in national body granted by, 48 Astro Boy (TV, 1963), 140 audience fragmentation, 34, 37 Austen, Jane, 134 authenticity: anxiety over, 49–50; in Black Rain, shaped by generation vs. class, 116; break down of purist notions of racial, ethnic, and cultural, 199; constructed by and for whites, 93; dominant representations of African Americans and, 93–94, 98, 100; of East Asian and Asian American men, degrees of, 94–95; perceived, of foreign Asian vs. Asian American masculinity, 97–100; Woo and Lee’s responses to pressures for, 135 Avildsen, John, 101, 103–4, 108, 109 Babe, xiv “bachelor societies” of Chinese immigrants, 40, 97 “Back to the Future” (Silverman), 76 Bad Sleep Well, The (1960), 62 Bale, Christian, 30, 31 Balibar, Etienne, xii, 15, 208n.40 Balio, Tino, 210n.8 Balsamo, Ann, 208n.36 228 • INDEX Banerjee, Mita, 145, 150, 222n.51 Bara, Theda, 78 Barney Miller (1975–82), 102 Barthes, Roland, 25 Bartkowiak, Andrzej, 143, 151 Bassett, Angela, 217n.37 Bat 21 (1988), 91 Bataan (1943), 95 Batman Begins (2005), ix, xii...