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INDEX
- University of Minnesota Press
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205 Access to Information Act, 20, 82–84 Airline Liaison Officers, 42, 127, 137. See also Immigration Control Officers; interdiction Amelie (motor vessel), 8, 36 antiterrorism legislation, 51, 142, 144, 173 Australia: activists in, 169; detention, 131–32, 135; influence on Canada, 1, 8, 10, 47, 48, 126; offshore enforcement 49, 124, 127–29, 136, 138–40, 174; “policy on the run,” 20. See also islands; Pacific Solution Bill C-11, 10, 17 Bill C-36, 51 Canadian Border Services Agency (CBSA): creation, 41, 177, 181; mandate , 32, 43, 49–51, 125, 185 Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms , 16, 74 chartered flights, 87, 97, 98, 169, 173 citizen: good, 78, 161; new, 61, 65, 172; racialization of, 150–51; rights, 144, 158; skilled, xvi; state and, 58, 90; undocumented, xxix, 163, 164; wealthy, xvi, 101. See also surveillance citizenship: belonging and, xxviii, 159 184n19; ceremonies, 61, 65; mobility Index and, 138, 148, 152; scholarship on, xxii; state and, 101; temporary, 157. See also citizen; Temporary Protected Status (TPS) Citizenship and Immigration Canada (CIC): access to information, 82–84, 94; access to refugee determination process and, 103–4, 109, 180; budget , 61; communications, 63, 71, 74; detention, 85, 118, 183; Immigration Control Officers, 48–49; interceptions , 1, 11, 14, 15; long tunnel thesis and, xiii, xiv; mandates, 15, 84, 185; media, 68–69, 72, 98; research with, xvii, xix, xx, xxv, 171, 177n3; staffing, 61, 65. See also intelligence; policy civil society: “keep watch” programs, 33, 34, 44, 52, 165; politicization of, 178n6; state and, xxiv; structural effect and, xxi. See also surveillance criminalization: and access, 106; of asylum seekers, 124, 172–74; discursive, 113, 130; of disorderly movement, 78, 122;throughhomogenization,142–44; media representations of, 103, 105, 182n2; of migration xvi, xxvii, 12, 141, 156, 163;post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and, 159; self-surveillance and, 151; surveillance and, 164. See also media coverage; racialization 206 Index intelligence: and Citizenship and Immigration Canada, 43–44, 60, 181n8; on interception, 26; sharing, 12, 43, 47–49, 139; on smuggling, 31, 33, 37, 39, 40, 46, 52 interceptions: Australia, xviii, 134, 136; Canada, xii–xiii, 3, 23, 26–32, 43, 65–67; international, 174; U.S., 133; visibility, xv, 6, 14, 45, 172. See also policy interdiction, 136–37; in airports, 42, 137–38; and asylum, xvii, 96, 124, 127, 141, 192n8; and body, 114; as transnational enforcement, 48–51, 123, 125. See also Airline Liaison Officers ; Immigration Control Officers islands: detention on, xxiii, 15, 46, 127–28, 129, 133–36, 169, 172, 174, 179n8; excision of, xviii, 127; interception , 1–2, 124; militarized, 126; smuggling crises and, xvii, xxiii, xxx, 172. See also Guam; Lampedusa, Italy Komagata Maru (ship), 8 Lampedusa, Italy, 18, 127, 134–35, 170, 172 legal geographies, xix, 105, 107, 133, 140; and access to asylum and legal representation, xviii, 103–5, 124; legal status, xviii, xxxiii, 121, 124, 128, 130, 133; and refugees, 77, 100–103, 141; and sovereignty, xxxiii, 51, 57, 151. See also criminalization; long tunnel thesis legal status. See legal geographies long tunnel thesis: access to legal counsel , 103; ethnography and, 171; exclusion and, xv, 167; legal status and, 28; movement of border, xvii, 175; origin, xiii, xiv–xv; photograph, 138; port of entry, 103, 126; as practice, 20, 90; sovereignty and, 123. See also policy deportation:activismand,131;fromCanada , 16, 42, 87, 88, 97–98; as deterrence , 39; from Italy, 134–35; threat of, 162, 163. See also chartered flights detention: contracts in Canada, 85; as deterrence, 45–48. See also Australia ; Esquimalt, British Columbia; Guam; islands; Lampedusa, Italy; long tunnel thesis; minors; Pacific Solution; Prince George, British Columbia El Salvador, xxix, 159–62 Esquimalt, British Columbia, 3, 32–35, 37, 41, 66; legal debates, 94, 103–4, 107–8;mediaand,71–72;procedures, 181n12. See also long tunnel thesis; Prince George, British Columbia ethnography of the state, xxi–xxvi, 55–57, 170–71 gender: identification, 30, 170; and migration, 86, 95, 157, 164–65, 184n23; and refugee claims, 93–95, 110–11 Golden Venture (cargo steamer), 10, 14 Guam, xxx, 133, 172 human smuggling: methods, 5, 24, 25, 39–40, 52–53; snakehead, 47, 179n4; strategies to suppress, 44–51; versus trafficking, xxvii–xxviii human trafficking, 8, 10, 28, 46, 114; versus smuggling, xxvii–xxviii, 178n7 ImmigrationandRefugeeBoard(IRB),16, 93–95, 102, 107–9, 111, 183n12–15 Immigration and Refugee Protection Act, 10, 16, 17, 47, 100 ImmigrationControlOfficers,42,48–49, 127, 137. See also Airline Liaison...