Land Grab: Green Neoliberalism, Gender, and Garifuna Resistance in Honduras

Index

227 Index activists, activism, 17–18, 109–10, 173, 196, 198–99. See also various organizations Act of Compromise, 49 Afro-Hondurans, 14, 34, 53, 97, 171–72 agricultural sector, 9, 14, 47, 48, 66, 81; Garifuna, 25–26, 86–87; land loss &, 99–100; modernization of, 36, 37, 41, 42–43; in Sambo Creek, 58, 68, 85 Alliance 2-14, 180, 181–83 Álvarez, Celeo, 95, 99, 105–6, 143, 171, 181 Alvarez, Gustavo, 25 ancestral rights, 112, 115–16, 118 Andino, Tiburcio Carías, 66 Arawaks, 20, 118, 121 Article 107, 42, 47, 48–49, 79, 137, 202n3; amending, 51, 196 autochthony, 38–39 AVINA Foundation, 135, 136 “Banana Coast” Cruise Ship Terminal, 177, 178, 179–80 banana production, 14, 25, 31, 33, 34, 47, 57, 64; labor, 26, 28, 29–30; plantations, 36–37; US, 23–24 Bay Islands tourism zone, 48, 55 blacks, 15, 21, 28–29, 30, 34, 35, 38–39. See also Afro-Hondurans; Garifuna; West Indians Callejas, Rafael, 40–41 Canadians, 1, 3, 4, 120, 121, 177–79 capitalism, 24; disaster, 195–96 Caribs, 20–21, 118 Castillo, Miguel, 113–14 Castillo family, 77–78, 100 Cayo Bolaño, 57, 101, 137 Cayo Mayor, 6, 133, 135 Cayo Menor, 5, 152, 191, 201n3, 205n2; HCRF ownership of, 134–35, 138; Opwall &, 158–60 Cayo Paloma, 149, 150, 151 Cayos Cochinos, 5, 13, 48, 57, 101 Cayos Cochinos Marine Protected Area (CCMPA), 6, 201n3; communities , 132–34, 184; fishing, 141–44, 149, 205n1; HCRF, 135–36; landowners , 134–35; management, 15–16, 129–30, 131, 136–38, 139–41, 153, 166, 198; tourism, 130–32, 144–48, 164–67, 184 Central American Afro-descendant Organizations, 106 Central American Commission of Environment & Development (CCAD), 106 Chachahuate, 6, 101, 129, 137, 141(fig.), 144, 160, 191, 192; residents of, 132–33, 145 class, 9; & activism, 123–24 CoAlianza, 175, 176 Cobo, José Martínez, 90–91 coconut production, 47, 98, 203n4 Colonia Libertad, 66, 69, 70, 76 Colonia Suazo, 66, 67, 69, 76 228 • Index Comité Asesor para el Desarrollo de las Etnias Autóctonos de Honduras (CADEAH), 39 Comité Pro-Defensa de la Tierra, 113, 126, 128 Commission for the Promotion of Public-Private Alliances (CoAlianza), 175, 176 Committee for the Defense of Triunfo’s Land, 51 communities, 24, 49; Cayos Cochinos, 132–33, 184; development &, 52, 178–83; & HCRF, 142–44; power structure of, 124–25; tourism, 144–45, 173–78; women as core of, 62–63 conch: collection of, 139, 140 Confederación de Pueblos Autóctonos de Honduras (CONPAH), 39, 44, 108, 204n7 conservation, 6, 50, 101; as business, 146–52; neoliberal, 10–11, 135; volunteerism, 155–64 conservation governance, 136–37 Convention Concerning Indigenous & Tribal Peoples in Independent Countries (ILO 169), 43–45 cooperatives, 127, 142–43, 145 Coordinadora Nacional de Organizaciones Negras de Honduras, 97 Corinto, 66, 67–68, 69 Corozal, 132, 133 craft production, 82, 83(fig.) Crespo family, 183 crimes, 1–2, 50, 187, 194–95 culture: Garifuna, 51–52, 56–57, 185; as heritage, 94–95; pop vs. traditional, 61–62; survival of, 112–13; women’s roles, 62–63, 110 Declaration of San José, 92 Decree 31-92, 42–43 Decree 90/90, 42, 51, 137 Department for Protected Areas & Wildlife (DAPVS), 136, 137 development, 16, 52, 108, 137, 201n4; concepts of, 8–9; & cultural survival, 112–13; feminist critiques of, 109, 172; green, 10, 20; legislation, 195–96; model cities, 173–78; neoliberalism, 171, 183–84; ODECO, 105, 106, 188; OFRANEH, 103–4; policies, 7–8 discrimination, 33, 90–91 drug trafficking, 2, 195 Dügü, 110, 112, 113, 117–18, 203n2 East End, 101, 132, 133, 134(fig.), 137, 144, 160, 191 economy: Callejas’, 40–41; coastal, 32–34; debt relief, 47–48; elites, 31–32; Sambo Creek, 57–59, 82–89; tourism &, 49–50 elections: 2009, 168–69 elites, 14, 31–32, 40, 41, 170–71 employment: Sambo Creek, 57, 82, 84–89, 187; in tourism, 183–85 entrance fees: CCMPA, 146–48 environmental governance, 20, 136–37 environmental management, 7, 15–16, 50. See also conservation environmental rights, 9; individualized, 154–55, 184 equality, 15; racial, 171–72 ethnic federations, 52–53 ethnicity, 9, 34; identity, 13, 118–28; in Sambo Creek, 69–70 ethnic rights, 170–71 ethnogenesis: Garifuna, 20–21 ethnopolitics, 14–15, 102–4 Euraque, Dario, 169 extranjeros, 119–20 Facusse, Carlos Roberto Flores, 41 Federación Obrera Hondureña (FOH), 30 Fernandez, Luis (“Rasta”), 113 Fernandez, Miguel, 78 First Great Peaceful March of...