Crafting History in the Northern Plains: A Political Economy of the Heart River Region, 1400–1750

List of Figures

vii Figures Figure 1.1. Map of the Northern Plains showing the Heart River region. 3 Figure 1.2. The Missouri River valley, looking downstream. 13 Figure 1.3. Map showing the archaeological regions of the Middle Missouri subarea. 14 Figure 3.1. John Ewers’s map of Northern Plains trade relationships. 47 Figure 4.1. Map showing the distributions of Initial Middle Missouri and Extended Middle Missouri settlements. 57 Figure 4.2. The floodplain gallery forest. 62 Figure 4.3. The Middle Missouri uplands. 62 Figure 4.4. Plan views of two Extended Middle Missouri settlements. 64 Figure 4.5. Two views of Middle Missouri tradition lodges. 65 Figure 4.6. Temporal changes in mean residential density and site size. 68 Figure 4.7. Map showing the locations of documented Heart region settlements. 70 Figure 4.8. Map showing the distributions of Extended Coalescent and Middle Missouri tradition settlements. 72 Figure 4.9. Estimated total field hectarage derived from two maize yield values. 84 Figure 5.1. Bivariate plot of metal and glass trade goods densities and median calendar dates. 93 Figure 5.2. Map of the central Heart region. 96 Figure 5.3. Double Ditch Village, looking southeast. 97 Figure 5.4. Plan map of Double Ditch Village. 98 Figure 5.5. Temporal structure of excavated samples from the six study sites. 99 Figure 6.1. Map showing the source locations of stone tool raw materials. 102 Figure 6.2. Composition of pre-1600 flaking debris assemblages from six Heart region sites. 104 viii FIGURES Figure 6.3. Temporal changes in the proportions of flakes made from near-local raw materials. 105 Figure 6.4. Temporal changes in the proportions of flakes made from TRSS and KRF. 107 Figure 6.5. Small patterned bifaces. 111 Figure 6.6. Large patterned bifaces. 112 Figure 6.7. Other stone tools. 113 Figure 6.8. Other stone tools. 114 Figure 6.9. Temporal changes in the proportions of small patterned bifaces and unpatterned flake tools. 117 Figure 6.10. Temporal changes in the proportions of three biface classes. 118 Figure 6.11. Proportions of bipolar wedge/punch tools in 36 pit features at Scattered Village. 119 Figure 6.12. Metric variables recorded on small patterned bifaces. 122 Figure 6.13. Temporal changes in the skill of small patterned biface production. 124 Figure 6.14. Temporal changes in the skill of large patterned biface production. 126 Figure 6.15. Comparison of heat treatment rates and tool technological class. 127 Figure 6.16. Comparison of heat treatment rates and producer skill in small patterned bifaces. 129 Figure 6.17. Comparison of arrowpoint haft preparation modes and producer skill. 130 Figure 6.18. Proportions of four modes of arrowpoint haft preparation. 131 Figure 7.1. Heart region pottery rim form classes. 137 Figure 7.2. Heart region S-rim wares. 138 Figure 7.3. Heart region S-rim wares. 139 Figure 7.4. Heart region straight-rim and S-rim wares. 140 Figure 7.5. Proportions of six rim form classes. 142 Figure 7.6. Proportions of five upper rim construction techniques. 143 Figure 7.7. Proportions of five core color classes. 143 Figure 7.8. Proportions of three rim form classes. 146 Figure 7.9. Proportions of three upper rim construction methods. 147 Figure 7.10. Comparison of core colors. 149 ix FIGURES Figure 7.11. Comparison of exterior surface colors. 150 Figure 7.12. Comparison of lower rim surface treatment methods. 150 Figure 7.13. Comparison of upper rim condition and shape. 151 Figure 7.14. Comparison of upper rim surface treatment methods. 153 Figure 7.15. Scatter plot showing the relationship between cord impression spacing and cord diameter. 157 ...