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ix Acknowledgments This book would not have been possible without the help of many people. First of all, I would like to thank my parents, John and Emma Van Valen, for always being there for me. Their love, financial and emotional support, and encouragement to follow my dreams made this book and many other good things in my life possible. I also would not have chosen the path that led to this book without the model of intellectual curiosity that my brother Scott has always provided. To my wife Veruska, whom I met during the course of my research, I wish to express my gratitude for her love and support . I thank my sons John P. and Joseph for an understanding beyond their years that papá cannot spend all day playing. Although none of these family members are particularly interested in history, they have all demonstrated a remarkable patience with the multiyear project that this book represents. I deeply appreciate the financial support given by the University of New Mexico’s Latin American and Iberian Institute in the form of two years of Dissertation Fellowships and two Research Travel Grants that helped to fund the first two of my five trips to Bolivia. I am also grateful to Roanoke College for helping fund my final research trip through a Starter Grant. I would like to thank the Marion, Petersen, and Avila families of Sucre for their friendship, to which I owe much of my understanding of both Latin American culture and my fluency in the Spanish language. Alberto Marion Argandoña and Richard Petersen Kelly proved to be especially good friends, and I am thankful for their help. I would also like to thank my friend and colleague Javier Marion for providing me contact with his family and for his friendship in general. x • Acknowledgments In Sucre I owe thanks to three directors of the Archivo y Biblioteca Nacionales de Bolivia, René Arze Aguirre, Hugo Poppe Entrambasaguas, and especially Marcela Inch Calvimonte, and to staff members including Lidia Ortega, Leonor Ferrufino, and María Eugenia Peñaranda. I would like to thank the personnel of two other collections in Sucre as well. The Biblioteca de la Casa de la Libertad provided me access to an issue of the newspaper Los Debates that was missing from the collection of the Biblioteca Nacional. Without Miguel Antelo’s report in that issue, I would have been unable to write chapter 4 of this book in its present form. Documents from the Centro Bibliográfico Documental Histórico Chuquisaca also enhanced my study. In Tarata, Fray Mauricio Valcanover at the Colegio de San José was extremely helpful in locating and photocopying relevant Franciscan sources dealing with the mission of San Lorenzo. For Santa Cruz, I would like to thank the Archbishopric of Santa Cruz for allowing me access to documents from their archive, and to archivist Luis Enrrique Rivero for locating Bishop Prado’s report there. Rosario Vargas and Paula Peña also opened the archive of the Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno to me, with fruitful results. I am also grateful to Roberto Escóbar for his hospitality and general help in Santa Cruz. I would like to express my gratitude to my dissertation committee at the University of New Mexico for all of their time and effort. My chair, Kimberly Gauderman, was especially devoted to helping me improve my writing and analysis as well as aiding my job search. I can only say that after having gone through the first years of teaching at two successive institutions , I appreciate her taking on the duty of heading my dissertation committee during her first year even more. Linda Hall and Judy Bieber both contributed to several semesters of my classroom education before providing valuable commentary on my dissertation. Linda has continued to help in numerous ways, and Judy deserves credit for suggesting that agency might better describe Mojo actions than resistance. I would also like to thank the outside reader of my dissertation, Suzanne Oakdale, for her time and comments. I consider all of my advisors friends and role models. I also benefited from the advice of the participants in the fall 2002 dissertation seminar and thank them for reading and commenting on chapter 5. I am grateful to have known Robert Himmerich y Valencia and the late Robert Kern, who were also teachers, friends, and role models during my time at UNM. I thank the numerous friends and colleagues who...

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