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xvii Abbreviations APL Applied Physics Laboratory at Johns Hopkins University APXS alpha-­particle x-­ray spectrometer ARES  Astrobiological Reconnaissance and Elemental Surveyor ASI Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (Italian space agency) CCAFS Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (Florida) ChemCam remote chemical-­ sensing instruments for MSL CheMin x-­ ray diffraction/x-­ ray fluorescence instrument for MSL CIC Capital Investment Council CNES  Centre National d’Études Spatiales (French space agency) COFR Certification of Flight Readiness COMPLEX Committee on Planetary and Lunar Exploration CONTOUR Comet Nucleus Tour CRISM compact reconnaissance imaging spectrometer for Mars CSA Canadian Space Agency CTX context camera DAN dynamic albedo of neutrons instrument for MSL DARPA Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency DSN Deep Space Network EDL entry, descent, and landing ESA European Space Agency FPGA field-­ programmable gate array GRS gamma-­ray spectrometer Hazcam hazard-­avoidance camera HEDS Human Exploration and Development of Space xviii · Abbreviations HEND high-­ energy neutron detector HiRISE High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment IMEWG International Mars Exploration Working Group ISAD icy soils acquisition device JAXA Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency JPL Jet Propulsion Laboratory (Pasadena, CA) JSC Johnson Space Center (Houston, TX) KSC Kennedy Space Center (Florida) LIDAR light detection and ranging LP Lunar Prospector MAG/ER magnetometer and electron reflectometer MAHLI Mars Hand Lens Imager for MSL MARCI Mars Color Imager MARDI Mars Descent Imager for MSL MARIE Mars Radiation Environment Experiment MARSIS  Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionosphere Sounding MAST Mars Ad Hoc Science Team MastCam video camera for MSL MAV Mars ascent vehicle MAVEN Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution mission MAX-­C Mars Astrobiology Explorer-­Cacher MCO Mars Climate Orbiter MCS Mars Climate Sounder (a radiometer) MDC Mission Director’s Center MECA  microscopy, electrochemistry, and conductivity analyzer MEDLI entry, descent, and landing instrumentation for MSL MEP Mars Exploration Program MER Mars Exploration Rover MESUR Mars Environmental Survey MET Meteorological Station MGR Mars Geological Rover MGS Mars Global Surveyor MI microscopic imager MIMOS miniaturized Mössbauer spectrometer Mini-­ TES miniature thermal emission spectrometer MO Mars Observer MOC Mars Orbiter Camera MOLA Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter Abbreviations · xix MPL Mars Polar Lander MR Mars Relay MRO Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter MSL Mars Science Laboratory MSO Mars Surveyor Orbiter NAC NASA Advisory Council NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA Ames NASA Ames Research Center (Mountain View, CA) NASA HQ NASA Headquarters in D.C. NASA Langley NASA Langley Research Center Navcam navigation camera NRC National Research Council OMB Office of Management and Budget OSS Office of Space Science at NASA HQ QMS quadrupole mass spectrometer RAD radiation assessment detector RAT rock abrasion tool REMS Rover Environmental Monitoring Station for MSL Roskosmos  commonly used name for the Russian Federal Space Agency SAIC Science Applications International Corporation SAM Sample Analysis at Mars instrument for MSL SDT Science Definition Team ShaRad shallow radar sounder SIRTF Space Infrared Telescope Facility SNC meteorites  Meteorites composed of the shergottite, nakhlite, and chassigny classes, which share characteristics rare in known meteorites SOMO Space Operations Management Office (NASA) SSI surface stereo imager TECP thermal and electrical conductivity probe TEGA thermal and evolved gas analyzer telecom telecommunications network TES thermal emission spectrometer THEMIS thermal emission imaging system TLS tunable laser spectrometer TRL technology readiness level USO/RS ultrastable oscillator for Doppler measurements WCL wet chemistry lab ...

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