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Acámbaro, Gto., 51, 60, 225 agrarian reform, 10–11, 30, 32, 166–67 Aguascalientes, Ags., 225–26, 232, 239, 240(t) Ajuría, Miguel, 142–44 Alamán, Lucas, 92 alcohol production, 106–7, 115 Alemán, Miguel, 230 Alzate, José Antonio de, 7, 77, 79, 283 Amilpas River, 129 Anáhuac, 1, 16n1, 16n2 Anisz, Enrique, 200 aquaculture. See pearl oysters, aquaculture of aquifers, 1, 9, 224–25, 233–34; depletion, 234–35, 238–39 Atlampa Pasture (Mexico City), 82, 88; flooding in, 84–85 Ávila Camacho, Manuel, 33–38, 44, 205 Aztecs, 1, 16n2, 25–26, 28, 51, 204, 241; botanical knowledge of, 74–76, 79–80, 97n22, 282; population, 7. See also Tenochtitlán Baja California, 6, 9, 36, 292–93; aquaculture research in, 263–66, 264(t); colonialism in, 251–53; geography of, 251. See also Northwestern Center for Biological Research Baja California Pearl and Shell Breeding Company (CCCP), 246, 259, 261, 263; and aquaculture, 246–47, 255, 259, 260(f), 263, 266 Bajío, 36, 39, 50–60, 63, 68–69 Balsas River, 51, 125 Banco Nacional Hipotecario Urbano y de Obras Públicas (later, BANOBRAS), 222–24, 230–32, 235, 238, 266 Beltrán, Enrique, 203 Benítez, Fernando, 162 Bennett, Vivienne, 236 Bigot, Raoul, 124–25, 144 binder (agricultural implement), 150, 167 biosphere reserves, 201–4, 202(t) Boehem, Brigitte, 14 Borah, Woodrow, 25 botanical garden. See Mexican Botanical Garden botany, 75–76, 81–82, 90–91, 93–95 Bourbon Reforms, 4, 5(t), 6–7, 90, 253, 281–82 Bourlag, Norman, 37 Brading, David, 59, 63, 65 Index 301 Branfield, Richard, 35. See also Rockefeller Foundation Briones Rodríguez, Cruz, 173 broom root, 107–9, 110, 111(t) Bustamante, Miguel, 93 cajas de agua, 50–51, 57–60, 67–68; in Cañada de Negros, 63–65; in Irapuato , 62; in Jalpa, 65–67 Californio Indians, 249, 251–52, 255 Calles, Plutarco Elías, 30–32 Cañada de Negros Hacienda, Gto., 63–65, 64(f), 67 canals, 54, 56, 59, 62, 163(t) Cárdenas, Juan de, 75, 80 Cárdenas, Lázaro, 5, 32–33, 37, 44, 205; conservationist policies, 198–99; land reform, 10–11, 32, 166–67; nationalization of petroleum, 186–88; national parks under, 199–200; rural development policies of, 11, 32; water infrastructure , 223, 227 Carranza, Venustiano, 198 cattle. See livestock Cedillo, Saturnino, 227 Celaya, Gto., 53–54, 57, 59–60 Center for Biological Resarch (CIB). See Northwestern Center for Biological Research Cervantes, Vicente, 74, 78–82; after independence, 89–93; and Mexican Botanical Garden, 82–87 Chapultepec, 15, 83, 85, 192–93, 204–8, 205(f), 206(f), 210–12, 277; ahuehuete trees in, 192, 206–7, 210; amusement park, 208–10; and the Mexican Botanical Garden, 88, 94; zoo, 208–10 charcoal, 102–3, 104, 106, 112, 115 Charles II, 252 Charles III, 6, 73, 76–77, 79, 253 Chávez, Diego de, 55 Chevalier, Françios, 25 Chiautempan, Tlax., 106, 108, 117 Chichimecs, 51, 53 Chihuahua, 9–10, 220, 221, 226, 236, 240(t) chinampas, 26, 28 cholera, 220–21 científicos (during Porfiriato), 8, 94–95, 157–58, 198 class: as analytical category, 173, 186–87; and environment, 174–75, 181, 183– 84; and ethnicity, 177–80, 183, 187 Coahuistla hacienda, Morelos, 137(t6.2), 139–42 Colima National Park, 200 colonization projects (twentieth century), 11, 26–27, 31 Columbian exchange, 3, 14, 20n40 Conchos River, 226 conservation, 9, 32, 45, 115, 118–20, 164–65; and national parks, 193–94, 198–202, 211; and pearl oysters, 249– 50, 253, 255, 262; of water, 136, 138. See also forest management; soil, management Cook, Sherburne, 14–15, 25 corn, 2, 24; production in the Bajío, 57, 60–62; production in Yucatán, 166 Cortés, Hernán, 249, 252 Cosío Villegas, Daniel, 31–32, 44 Covarrubias, José, 127 credit: rural, 38; for water infrastructure, 223–25, 230, 232, 238 Crosby, Alfred, 3, 14, 28 Cuernavaca, Mor., 129 Culiacán Valley, 34, 39–41 dams, 5, 11, 33, 35, 45; and cajas de agua, 54, 56, 62–63, 66; pre– Columbian, 27; and water infrastructure , 221, 224, 236–37 DDT, 38, 41–42 Deep Drainage Project, 234 deforestation, 54, 60; in the Huasteca, 181; in Tlaxcala, 100–102, 114; in Yucatán, 150, 161–64. See also Malinzin de la Madrid, Miguel, 210 de la Peña, Guillermo, 129 Desierto de los Leones, 198 Díaz, Porfirio: and henequen boom, 160...

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