Hell of a Vision: Regionalism and the Modern American West

Notes

203 Notes Preface 1. On the adversary tradition, see Thomas, Alternative America, esp. 354–66. 2. US Western Water Policy Review Advisory Commission, Water in the West, 2-1. Introduction 1. Darrah, Powell, 100–101. See also Stegner, Beyond the Hundredth Meridian, 25–30; Hartemann and Hauptman, Mountain Encyclopedia, 126–27, 257–59. Barometers were employed to measure altitude by calculating the change in air pressure relative to sea level using a formula. See R. S. Williamson, On the Use of the Barometer. 2. For examples of this viewpoint, see Boime, Magisterial Gaze; Pratt, Imperial Eyes, esp. 78; Stout, Picturing a Different West, 11; Dilworth, Imagining Indians, 103– 4; Green, “Tribe Called Wannabee,” 31; Rosaldo, “Imperialist Nostalgia,” 107–8. 3. McMurtry, Lonesome Dove, 939. See also Debo, And Still the Waters Run; Limerick, Legacy of Conquest; Hough, North of 36; see also by Hough, “Slaughter of the Trees,” 579–92; Sandoz, Old Jules. 4. On both Long and Gilpin, see Lewis, “William Gilpin and the Concept of the Great Plains Region,” 35–36, 43–44. On Native American maps, see Warhus, Another America. 5. Powell, Report, 1, 3, 5–6; on the assumptions underlying Powell’s land classification , see Kirsch, “John Wesley Powell,” 548–72. 6. Powell, “Non-Irrigable Lands,” 922; Powell, Report, 23–24, 29; Powell, Three Methods, 51–52. 7. Powell, Report, 22. 8. Royce, Basic Writings, 1:34. See also Hine, Josiah Royce. 9. Royce, Basic Writings, 2:1154, 1:45–46. 204 • Notes 10. Royce, Race Questions, 61. 11. On civil or civic religion, see the classic essay by Bellah, “Civil Religion in America.” For the southern variety, see Wilson, Baptized in Blood. 12. Royce, Race Questions, 98, 74, 81, 97. 13. National Park Service, “Rocky Mountain National Park: History & Culture”; National Park Service, “Rocky Mountain National Park: Time Line of Historic Events.” A fourteener is mountaineering jargon for a mountain at least 14,000 feet in elevation. 14. Semple, American History, 231. On the nationalist West, see also Cronon, Miles, and Gitlin, “Becoming West,” 22–25; and Campbell, Rhizomatic West, esp. 2, 20. On Semple’s work, see Schulten, Geographical Imagination, 81–84. The phrase “culture industry” is credited to Theodor W. Adorno, who applied it more generally to mass culture. See Adorno, Culture Industry. 15. Turner, Frontier and Section, 39, 32, 55, 38. On American exceptionalism, see Noble, End of American History, and Wrobel, End of American Exceptionalism. 16. Turner, Frontier and Section, 43, 63; Turner, Frederick Jackson Turner’s Legacy, 61. 17. Turner, Frederick Jackson Turner’s Legacy, 48; Turner, Frontier and Section, 93; Turner, Significance of Sections, 297. 18. Brigham, Geographic Influences, 142, 321; Turner, Significance of Sections, 289, 311. 19. The scholarship of nationalism is vast; see two works by Smith, Myths and Memories of the Nation and Antiquity of Nations. For a comparison to Ireland and a discussion of cultural nationalism, see Hutchinson, Dynamics of Cultural Nationalism . 20. Turner, Significance of Sections, 313–14, 338. Chapter 1 1. Powell, “Major Powell’s Address,” 410–12; Rölvaag, Giants in the Earth, 323; Gates, History, 466; the total of homesteads includes those in Minnesota. 2. Pisani, To Reclaim a Divided West, 141; Folklore Project, “Autobiographical Sketch”; Gates, in History (p. 433) points out that 200,000 homesteads were “proved up” during the 1880s, but this figure may precede the worst of the drought in some areas and may not reflect longer tenure. 3. Garland, Son of the Middle Border, 458. For an excellent recent biography of Garland, see Newlin, Hamlin Garland. 4. Garland, Son of the Middle Border, 435, 438. 5. Ibid., 460, 437, 461, 463. 6. Ibid., 461; quoted in Newlin, Hamlin Garland, 103. 7. Garland, Crumbling Idols, 24, 35, 3, 6, 8, 14. 8. Ibid., 17, 25. On local color, see Brodhead, Cultures of Letters. 9. Powell, “Institutions for the Arid Lands,” 113–14. On the fight over the Irrigation Survey, see Pisani, To Reclaim a Divided West, 143–65. 10. Smythe, Conquest of Arid America, v–vi, 84, 260; Powell, Report, 11; Bureau of Reclamation, Story of Boulder Dam, 18; Worster, River Running West, 477–79. Notes • 205 11. Mead, Helping Men Own Farms, 52, 141, 2. On Mead’s accomplishments, see Pisani, To Reclaim a Divided West, 61–64; and Kluger, Turning on Water with a Shovel. 12. Garland, Crumbling Idols, 33, 36. 13. Ibid., 64; Garland, Daughter of the Middle Border, 31. See also...