Therapeutic Nations: Healing in an Age of Indigenous Human Rights

Notes

181 Notes Chapter 1 1. Dian Million, unpublished poem, 2005. 2. Nancy K. Miller and Jason Tougaw, eds. Extremities: Trauma, Testimony, and Community (Urbana: University of Illinois Press), 2002, 1–2. 3. The original name of the commission as it appears in the 2007 Indian Residential Schools Settlement Agreement. 4. The Report of the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples, vol.1: Looking Forward, Looking Back (Ottowa: Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples, 1996), 15. 5. Priscilla B. Hayner, Unspeakable Truths: Facing the Challenge of Truth Commissions (New York: Routledge), 2001. See also Teresa Godwin Phelps, Shattered Voices: Language, Violence and the Work of Truth Commissions (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press), 2004. 6. Joanna Rice, “Indigenous Rights and Truth Commissions,” Cultural Survival Quarterly 35, no. 1 (2011). 7. Hayner, Unspeakable Truths, 135. 8. Claire Moon, “Healing Past Violence: Traumatic Assumptions and Therapeutic Interventions in War and Reconciliation,” Journal of Human Rights 8, no. 1 (2009): 72. 9. Yael Danieli, ed. International Handbook of Multigenerational Legacies of Trauma, Plenum Series on Stress and Coping (New York: Plenum Press, 1998); Eduardo Duran et al., “Healing the American Indian Soul Wound,” in Intergenerational Handbook of Multigenerational Legacies of Trauma, ed. Yael Danieli (New York: Plenum Press, 1998); Shoshana Felman and Dori Laub, Testimony: Crises of Witnessing in Literature, Psychoanalysis, and History (New York: Routledge, 1991); Laurence J. Kirmayer, Robert Lemelson, and Mark Barad, eds., Understanding Trauma: Integrating Biological, Clinical, and Cultural Perspectives (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007); Spero Manson, Janette Beals, Theresa O’Nell, Joan Piasecki, Donald Bechtold, Ellen Keane, and Monica Jones, “Wounded Spirits, Ailing Hearts: PTSD and Related Disorders among American Indians,” in Ethnocultural Aspects of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, ed. Anthony J. Marsella, Matthew J. Friedman, Ellen T. Gerrity, and Raymond M. Scurfield (Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 1996). 10. To see the global reach of “trauma” as an explanation for disparate injuries and multigenerational grievance, see Danieli, International Handbook of Multigenerational Legacies of Trauma. 11. Didier Fassin and Richard Rechtman. The Empire of Trauma: An Inquiry into the Condition of Victimhood. (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2009), xi. 182 • Notes to Pages 3–11 12. Moon, “Healing Past Violence,” 71. 13. The United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples begins, “Affirming that indigenous peoples are equal to all other peoples . . . ” A copy can be downloaded at http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/DRIPS_en.pdf. The international concept of “self-determination” is constantly evolving. Anaya states it first as “grounded in the idea that all are equally entitled to control their own Destinies.” S. James Anaya, Indigenous Peoples in International Law (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004), 75. 14. Elizabeth A. Povinelli, The Empire of Love: Toward a Theory of Intimacy, Genealogy , and Carnality, ed. Dilip Gaonkar, Jane Kramer, Benjamin Lee, and Michael Warner (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2006), 227–28. 15. Roger Maaka and Augie Fleras, “Contesting Indigenous Peoples Governance: The Politics of State-Determination vs. Self-Determining Autonomy,” in Aboriginal SelfGovernment in Canada: Current Trends and Issues, ed. Yale D. Belanger (Saskatoon: Purich, 2008), 69. 16. Maaka and Fleras, “Contesting Indigenous Peoples Governance,” 74. 17. Marlene Brant Castellano, “Renewing the Relationship: A Perspective on the Impact of the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples,” in Aboriginal Self-Government in Canada, ed. John H. Hylton (Saskatoon: Purich, 1999), 109. 18. Bonita Lawrence, “Gender, Race, and the Regulation of Native Identity in Canada and the United States: An Overview,” Hypatia 18, no. 2 (2003): 3. 19. Michael Ignatieff and Amy Gutmann. Human Rights as Politics and Idolatry (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2001), 4. 20. Ibid., 5. 21. Ibid., 6. 22. Ibid., 8–12. 23. Randall Williams, The Divided World: Human Rights and Violence. (Minneapolis : University of Minnesota Press, 2010), xv. 24. Susan Koshy, “From Cold War to Trade War: Neocolonialism and Human Rights,” Social Text 58 (Spring 1999): 1. 25. Robert H. Jackson, Quasi-States: Sovereignty, International Relations and the Third World, ed. Steve Smith, Cambridge Studies in International Relations (Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 1990). While I do not agree with Jackson’s politics, I do agree that the sovereignty that “decolonizing” polities achieved was always embedded in the actions capitalist western nations took to maintain their hegemony, the relationship between the “developed” and the “developers.” 26. Jacques Rancière, “Who Is the Subject of the Rights of Man?,” South Atlantic Quarterly 103, nos. 2/3 (2004): 297–98. 27. “Where all order in a state has disintegrated and its people have been delivered up to a war of...