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Figures A.1 and A.2 show detailed data about farmers’ pesticide use on specific crops. Table A.1 provides the chemical class names specified as abbreviations in the figures. I constructed the figures based on Tufte’s (1983, 1995) principles of data presentation, including allowing for micro and macro readings, and the inclusion of all data points in relation to each other and to relevant reference points. The figures show various aspects of farmers’ pesticide use—chemical class, minimum preharvest interval (PHI), and dose—in relation to requirements on pesticide labels and regulation. The gray fill represents a problematic situation vis-à-vis label requirements in each aspect of pesticide use. The dose section on the far right of the figures uses dots to plot doses used by each farmer in relation to the maximum recommended dose on the pesticide’s label, which is shown as 100 percent. The number immediately to the left of the dose chart is the average dose. A gray fill here means that the dose used exceeds the label’s requirements. The PHI section, found left of the dose section, presents data on farmers ’ respect of PHI. The numbers are the result of subtracting the maximum required PHI on the label from farmers’ minimum reported PHIs (i.e., the minimum number of days a farmer leaves between spraying and harvesting). Thus, a zero means that the farmer respects the PHI exactly, while a negative number means that PHI is violated—in other words, the farmer harvests too early, without enough time having passed for the pesticide to break down to relatively low levels. “Average minimum PHI” shows the average of the minimum PHIs reported by farmers who use that pesticide. The gray background means that it violates the PHI required by the label. Regulatory information is presented to the left of PHI information. The rightmost checkboxes in the section show whether a particular active Appendix 2 Detailed Pesticide Data Figure A.1 Pesticide use on export minisquash and chayote in relation to U.S. regulation, Northern Cartago and the Ujarrás Valley, 2003–2004 25 14 49 -17 -18 47 2 5 4 9 3 -6 2 -6 -1 2 -1 4 5 2 -2 NA NA -24 33 0 32 3 -10 27 2 26 2 2 -58 -1 47 17 10 14 -1 -13 -5 -8 2 0 1 -24 -13 -2 2 7 3 -2 2 1 -5 52 4 • • • • • • • • • • •• • • •••• • • • ••• ••• • • • •••• • • • • • • • ••• • •• •••• •• • • • • • • • • • ••• ••• •• •• •••• • • • • • • • •• • • ••• • • • • •• • • • • •• • • • • • • • • • • • • •• • • •••• ••• • • • • • •• • • •••• • • •• ••• • ••••• •• • • • • • • • • • •• • •• •• ••• • • • • 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.2 1.1 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.3 0.4 1.4 0.6 0.7 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.9 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.9 1.1 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.8 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.8 0.8 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.7 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.4 • ••• • • • • • • • • • • • • •• •• • • • • • •• • • • ••• •• • • • • • • • •• • • • • •• •• • • • • • •• •• •• • • ••• • ••• •••• • •• ••• • •• •• •• •• • • • • • • • •••• ••• • • • • •••• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• • • • • • • • ••• • •• • • •• • • •• • • •• ••• •• ••• • • •• • • ••• • • • • • • •• • • • • • • • • FDA residue test 2003 EPA tolerance EPA registered Minimum PHI used minus maximum recommended PHI (in days) PHI +20 +40 +60 -20 -40 -60 Average minimum PHI Dose used as percent of maximum recommended dose 0 100 200 Average dose No. of farmers (n=15) ——— PHI ——— —— Dose —— ————— Export minisquash ————— Minimum PHI used minus maximum recommended PHI (in days) PHI +20 +40 +60 -20 -40 -60 Average minimum PHI Dose used as percent of maximum recommended dose 0 100 200 Average dose FDA residue test 2003 EPA registered EPA tolerance No. of farmers (n=20) ••• ••• •• • • ••• • • • • • • • • • • • 0.7 • •• • • • ••• • • • • • • • • • • • • •••• • • • •• ••••• • ••• • • • • • •• •• • •••• ••• •• ••• • •••• • • • • • • • • ••• • • • • • • • •• • • •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• •• •• • • • • • • • • • ••••• •• •••• • • • • ••••• ••• • • ••• ••• • • • •• • •• ••• • • • • • • • • • • • •• • • • • • •• • • • • • • • •••• • • • • ••••• • • •••• •••• ••• • • • • •• ••• • • • •• •••• •• • • • • •• ••••• • ••• ••• •• ••••• • • • •• • • • • • • ••• ••••• •••• • • • •• 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.8 0.9 0.1 0.2 0.5 1.0 0.3 0.6 0.2 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.0 1.2 0.2 0.0 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.4 1.3 1.3 0.4 0.4 1.1 0.8 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.4 NA -7 -4 -4 -25 -25 -12 -5 -6 -10 1 2 -5 2 -1 122 128 -6 1 -17 -12 -8 -11 1 62 62 38 -2 44 2 9 -15 65 0 -5 -18...

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