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Appendix B Transcription Notation This is a list of the transcription symbols and descriptions of what they represent (see Sacks, Schegloff, and Jefferson 1974; see also Duranti 1994). : Colons separate speakers from their utterances // Double slashes indicate points of overlap - Hyphens indicate abrupt interruptions (word) Words in parentheses indicate a best guess at the spoken material ? Question marks within parentheses or between slashes represent uncertain or unintelligible material (:00) Numbers between parentheses mark length of pause (( )) Material within double parentheses provides extralinguistic or contextual information or additional description. italics Italicized words are English glosses. For child participants in interviews, X;Y indicates the children’s ages, where X is years of age, and Y is months. ...

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