Global Maya: Work and Ideology in Rural Guatemala

Index

accumulation, 25, 49, 68, 74, 107, 110, 128, 167; perceptions of, 70 Adams, Abigail, 172 Almolonga, 4, 40, 46, 97–118 accumulation, 107, 110 ambition, 51, 56 between town differentiation, 118 and community solidarity, 110 and differentiation, 111, 113 and diversification, 111 and economic success, 107 and hiring women, 131–132 individualism, 111 intermediaries, 113 land loss, 101–104 religious change, 105–107 wages, 112 artisan production, 154–155 Asociación de Investigación y Estudios Sociales (ASIES), 40 assembly plants. See maquilas Asturias, Linda, 122 attitudes, 9, 25 economic, 25 Bourdieu, Pierre, 24, 169 Brintnall, Douglas, 115 Buechler, Hans and Judith, 81 Cantel, 29, 31 capital, 29 accumulation of, 91, 153 capitalism, 28 capitalisms, 13, 25 capitalist market, 10, 157 capitalists, 7 Caribbean Basin Initiative, 19 Carlsen, Robert, 172 Carmack, Robert, 29, 170 Catholic, Catholic Action, 77, 215n Central American Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA) 19, 20 change, 26 cultural and economic, 13 ideological and economic, 115–116 process of, 32–33, 173 Chimaltenango, 4, 124–125 civil war, 5 classes, 26, 28, 162 capitalist, 91, 150 Cojtí Cuxil, 27 commerce, 15, 77 Commission of Historical Clarification, 5 community, 165, 172 solidarity, 110 compadres (cuentos), 48 and distrust, 50 poor, 50–53 rich, 50–53 comparative advantage, 12 competition, 25, 68, 73–74, 168 control (of production), 159. See also San Francisco conversions, 48, 77, 105–107 Cook, Scott, 91, 155 cooperation, 168 Index 240 index cooperatives, 125–126 cottage industries, 20–21. See also putting out systems credit, 69 Cuatro Pinos, 125–126 Culchich, 50 culture, 23 culture change, 24 dayworkers (mozos), 30 DeWalt, Billie, 95 differentiation economic, 7, 111, 128, 155, 159, 213n perceptions, 70 distrust, 50, 90 diversification, 25, 111, 158 Earth Lords, 48, 52–55 economy, 33 economic ideology, 40, 115 economic status, 38–39, 214n economic strategies, 14 morality, 170 success, 51, 71 education, 172 Ehlers, Tracy, 29, 31 El Tejar, 45, 139 envy, 51 ethnicity, 149–152, 164. See also identity evangelicalism, 25, 55, 77 exploitation, 49 factories, 30, 68, 88–89, 136–153 Fischer, Edward, 33, 172 flexibility, 171 gangs. See maras gender, 85–87 hiring women in agriculture, 131–132, 166–167 Generalized System of Preferences, 19 Giddens, Anthony, 24 globalization, 12–13 Granovetter, Mark, 169 greed, 52, 128 Gudeman, Stephen, 27 Halperin, Rhoda, 30–31, 173 Hamilton, Sarah, 134 Hefner, Robert, 34 householding, 26, 30, 137 identity, ethnic identity, 26, 172 national, 149–152 relational, 34 ideology, 17, 173, 212n class, 93 economic, 23, 26, 40 independent workers (independents), 75, 81–82 individuality, 153 industrialization, 91 Industrial Wage Labor (export processing ), 136–153. See also maquilas instability (seesaw), 83, 96, 129 Integrated Pest Management Collaborative Research Support Program (IPM CRSP), 122–123, 214n intelligence, 57, 71 for business, 33, 77, 99, 109, 161 intensification of production, 21, 22, 62 intermediaries: middlemen, 30, 122, 126–128 investments, 132 irrigation, 98, 131 jobs: in the factory, 141–142 agriculture vs. factory, 142–143, 145 Juan Noj, 49, 54 ladinos, 114 and view of Indians, 114 land: as capital, 104 loss, 101 index 241 Ley de Fomento y Exportación y de Maquila, 68, 137 Little, Walter, 27, 172 maquilas, 19, 20, 136–153 and gender, 146–148 wages, 148–149 maras, 139, 218n. See gangs markets: marketing system, 15 Maya, 13, 27–28, 213n “Mayanness,” 172 McCreery, 155 merchants, 15. See commerce migration, 16, 45, 67, 137, 153, 156 modernization, 12 money, 57–60, 70 bad money, 56 fast money, 58 moral economy, 8, 26, 94 municipio, 32 narratives, 34 Nash, June, 27, 29, 171 Nash, Manning, 29, 31 naturales, 28 neoliberalism, 12, 212n non-traditional agricultural exports (NTAE), 119–135 agro-exporters, 120 cooperatives, 120, 125–126 and farmer’s perceptions, 120 and intermediaries, 122, 126–128 non-traditional exports (NTE) 18 Oaxaca, 155 oral tradition, 43–60 as system of information, 44 owners (patrones), 75–76, 82–83 pacas (sale of second hand clothes), 73 petty commodity agricultural production (PCAP), 97–118, petty commodity industrial production (PCIP): putting out industries, 21, 61–96 and age, 76 and control, 87–89 and education, 76 and family size, 76 and gender, 85–87 and religion, 76 pieceworkers, 75, 78–79. See also wageworkers Polanyi, Karl, 169 poverty, 51, 130 practice, 9, 23, 35, 173 procedural culture, 25. See Watanabe proletarianization, 29, 156. See also semiproletarianization qualitative (research), 36–37, 41 quantitative (survey research), 38–39, 41 religion, 115 remittances, 17, 67...