What We Won: America's Secret War in Afghanistan, 1979–89

Index

177 Index Abdulaziz al Saud, 76–77 Abdullah, Mohammad, 3 Aden (Saudi Arabia), 81–82 Adham, Kamal, 79, 80 Admoni, Nahum, 79 Afghan Arabs, 83, 89. See also bin Laden, Osama Afghan Communist Party: coup d’état of 1978 and, xiv; intelligence war with the U.S., x, xiv, 4; Jowzjani (53rd) Division, 7; as a new modern socialist world order, 5; 7th Afghan Army Corps, 7; USSR and, xiv, 4. See also People’s Democratic Party of Afghanistan Afghanistan: arms deals of, 12–13; civil war in, 131, 134, 146; cold war and, 11; communists in power in, 16–19, 129; education and civil rights in, 13–14, 17; expansion of, 26–27; fighting in Kabul, 64–65, 131; invasion by foreign armies, 8; invasion by the USSR, xii, 16, 19, 20–26, 60; military in, 28; Muslims in, 42–43; Pashtun and Baluchi independence, 12; political issues in, 8, 10–11, 14, 15, 42; population in, 41–42; postwar chaos and civil war in, 128, 149–50; Soviet era in, 26–32. See also Anglo-Afghan Wars; Northern Alliance; People’s Democratic Republic of Afghanistan; Republic of Afghanistan Afghanistan—coups: coup d’état of 1973, 6, 14–15, 45, 51; coup d’état of 1974, 45–46, 51; coup d’état of 1978, 5–6, 16–18, 24; coup d’état of 1979, 19. See also Saur Revolution Afghanistan—individual countries: Czechoslovakia, 12–13; Germany, 11; India, 16; Iran, 15–16; Pakistan , 11–12, 14, 15, 26–27, 42, 148; U.S., 11, 12, 13, 14, 131–32, 148; USSR, xii, 10, 12–13, 15–16, 18–19. See also Afghanistan—war of 1979–1989 Afghanistan—lessons of the war of 1979–1989. See Lessons of the secret war Afghanistan—war of 1979–1989: Afghan communists during, 31, 53, 131; Afghan insurgents during, 31, 41, 42, 47, 51–52, 55; Afghan people’s rejection of the Soviet invasion, 155–56; condemnation of, 138; costs and casualties of, xi–xii, xiv, 29, 30, 35, 40, 83, 126, 137–38, 154; end of, ix, x, 132; foreign fighters in, 88; funding of, 74, 76, 83, 115, 121, 122, 123, 11-2595-4 index.indd 177 4/30/14 2:12 PM 178 Index 153; Geneva Accords (1988), 124–25; as a guerilla war, 41, 61; ISI war of, 61–63; media and, xi; Muslim volunteers and, 80–89; national uprising and, 137–38; refugees during, 30, 137–38; suicide bombing during, 41; UN and, 137; Zia’s war, 56–66, 111–27 Afghanistan—war of 1979–1989, covert actions: Brzezinski and, 102–03; Carter and, 93, 99, 103–04, 105, 106, 109; CIA and, 106, 117; Congress and, 144–45; effects of, 35, 142–43; funding for, 114–15, 121–22; goals of, 113; ISI activities, 61–62, 106, 117; missions and activities of, xi, 148–49; Pakistan and, 136; secret alliances of, xi; Stinger missiles and, 120–21; success of, 125; U.S.-Pakistani cooperation, 104, 105, 106–07; USSR and, 138; Zia ul-Haq and, 67, 105, 120–21. See also Plausible deniability; Lessons of the secret war Afghanistan—war of 1979–1989, U.S.: Bush’s war, 128–36; Carter’s (Jimmy’s) War, 93–109; Casey and Zia’s War, 111–27; Congress and, xi; equipment and funding, 32, 71; goals for, 26, 103, 142–43, 144, 148–50; intelligence during, 33; mission creep during, 149; secret intelligence war and, x–xiv, 4; strategic decisions, 93, 102–09; support for, 119; U.S. win, 153–54. See also Jihad and jihadists; Haqqani, Jalaluddin; Lessons of the secret war; Massoud, Ahmad Shah; Mujahedin, Afghan; Pakistan ; Saudi Arabia; United States— secret war in Afghanistan Afghanistan—war of 1979–1989, USSR: decisionmaking in the war, 32–36; deployments in, 140; era in Kabul, 26–32; 40th Red Army and, ix, 6, 7, 19, 26, 28, 32, 34, 47, 52, 56, 60, 83, 113, 125, 139, 156; goals for, 26, 37, 99, 104, 113, 114, 137, 140; invasion and, xii, 19–20, 78 , 81, 93, 102–03, 137; military forces, 28–30; mines and, 30, 138; mistakes and, 154; offensives in Afghanistan, 30–32, 33, 41, 47, 53–54, 78, 102–03; offensive in Pakistan, 36–39, 138; 105th Guards Airborne Division, 22, 24; resources in, 139; use of terror in, 30–31; withdrawal from, 122–25 Afghan ring road, 3 Akhtar Abdur Rahman (“General Akhtar”), xiv, 58–66, 68, 69, 71, 80, 113, 126 Algeria, ix, 89 al Qaeda...