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ABOUT THE BROOKINGS INSTITUTION The Brookings Institution is a private nonprofit organization devoted to research, education, and publication on important issues of domestic and foreign policy. Its principal purpose is to bring knowledge to bear on current and emerging policy problems. The Institution maintains a position of neutrality on issues of public policy. Interpretations or conclusions in Brookings publications should be understood to be solely those of the authors. ABOUT THE BROWN CENTER ON EDUCATION POLICY Established in 1992, the Brown Center on Education Policy conducts research on topics in American education, with a special focus on efforts to improve academic achievement in elementary and secondary schools. For more information, see our website, www.brookings.edu/brown.aspx. This report was made possible by the generous financial support of The Brown Foundation, Inc., Houston. ...

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