American Foundations: Roles and Contributions

Contents

v Contents Acknowledgments xi Part I. Introduction 1 1. American Foundations: Their Roles and Contributions to Society 3 David C. Hammack and Helmut K. Anheier Part II. Exploring Roles and Contributions 29 Education (K–12) 2. Foundations and the Making of Public Education in the United States, 1867–1950 31 Pamela Barnhouse Walters and Emily A. Bowman 3. Catalysts for Change? Foundations and School Reform, 1950–2005 51 Elisabeth Clemens and Linda C. Lee Higher Education 4. The Partnerships of Foundations and Research Universities 73 Steven C. Wheatley 5. Foundations and Higher Education 98 Peter Frumkin and Gabriel Kaplan vi contents Health Care 6. Foundations and Health: Innovation, Marginalization, and Relevance since 1900 120 Daniel M. Fox 7. The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation’s Efforts to Improve Health and Health Care for All Americans 141 James R. Knickman and Stephen L. Isaacs Social Welfare 8. Foundations and Social Welfare in the Twentieth Century 158 Wolfgang Bielefeld and Jane Chu 9. The Role of Foundations in Shaping Social Welfare Policy and Services: The Case of Welfare Reform 182 Jennifer E. Mosley and Joseph Galaskiewicz International 10. The State and International Philanthropy: The Contribution of American Foundations, 1919–1991 205 Steven Heydemann with Rebecca Kinsey 11. For the World’s Sake: U.S. Foundations and International Grant Making, 1990–2002 237 Lehn M. Benjamin and Kevin F. F. Quigley Arts and Culture 12. Foundations as Cultural Actors 262 James Allen Smith 13. Roles of Foundations and Their Impact in the Arts 283 Stefan Toepler Religion 14. The Role of Foundations in American Religion 305 Robert Wuthnow and D. Michael Lindsay contents vii Social Movements 15. Foundations, Social Movements, and the Contradictions of Liberal Philanthropy 328 Alice O’Connor 16. Consolidating Social Change: The Consequences of Foundation Funding for Developing Social Movement Infrastructures 347 Debra Minkoff and Jon Agnone Part III. Conclusion 369 17. Foundations and Public Policy 371 Steven Rathgeb Smith 18. Looking Forward: American Foundations between Continuity and Change 388 David C. Hammack and Helmut K. Anheier Appendixes A. Data Sources 403 B. Cleaning the Foundations Data Set for Chapter 3 405 C. Descriptive Information: The Civil Rights and Social Action Sector, 2001 406 References 409 Contributors 437 Index 439 ...