Ethnicity, Identity, and the Development of Nationalism in Iran

Index

395 Index Page numbers in italics denote illustrations. Abadan investigation, 164–65 Abadan oil complex, 169–74; description of, 171–72, 356n4, 356n6; Lucik Moradiance return to, 204; Lucik Moradiance ’s internship in, 169–74, 170, 173, 195–96, 196; workforce in 1977, 362n55 Abbas I (Shah), xxviii, 238, 303–4n11 Abbas Izadpanah, 149–50 Abbas Mirza, 51–53, 125, 126, 319–20n16, 320n20 Abdoulahian compound, 211–13, 221–22, 363n5 Ab-i Hozi (Pond Water Man), 219 Abrahamian, Ervand, 140–41, 304n12, 346n34, 348n48, 348n58, 349n65 accommodation, art of, 289 Afghanistan, 315n116 Aflaq, Michel, 10, 11, 308n31 Africa, nationalism in, 8–12, 308n24, 308n31 Afshari, Mohammed Reza, 334n6, 337n52 agency, 266–67 Agha Muhammad Shah Qajar, 49–56 Aghayan, Alex, 139, 344n12, 349n59 Aghayan, Felix, 160, 161, 163, 353n96 agrarian societies, 5 agriculture, collectivization of, 176–77, 230 Ahmad, Eqbal, 305–6n19 Ahmadi, Hamid, 316n130 Ahmadinejad, Mahmoud, 37, 297, 374n33 AIOC (Anglo-Iranian Oil Company), 170, 171–72, 192–93 akhper (brother), 140, 349n63 Aksan, Virginia, 316n132 Alarm (Azhir) (newspaper), 139, 349n59 Aleppo guilds, 110–11, 338–39n63 Alexander II (Czar), 57 Algar, Hamid, 319–20n16, 320n20, 375n40 Alik (newspaper), 137–38, 146, 149, 351n81, 352n91 Alter, Peter, 303n6 American library, 230, 365n15 American nationalism, 284 Amin, Camron: on higher education for women, 358n27; on missionary schools, 357n16; on Nurbakhsh Girls’ High School, 360n40; on university professors, 360n43; on unveiling, 358n26; on the Women’s Awakening, 277, 358n31 Amin, Shahid, 314n107 Amini, Ali, 354n106 Amirkhanian, Chalo, 240, 242 amnieh (road guards), 119, 341n98 396 | Index Anatolia, 89 Anderson, Benedict: on failed pilgrimages , 308n24; Imagined Communities, 17–21, 30, 308n24, 309n50; KashaniSabet on, 32–33; Marashi and, 37–38; Vaziri on, 27, 29, 30 Anglo-Iranian Oil Company (AIOC), 170, 171–72, 192–93 Anglo-Persian Oil Company, 170 Anglo-Russian Agreement, 70, 327n88 Anjoman-e Parvaresh-e Afkar-e Javanane Aramane (Organization for Fostering the Thoughts of Armenian Youth). See Ararat anti-Armenian violence, xviii, 123–24, 289, 304n14 Anushiravan-e Dadgar, 363n9 APG (Azerbaijan People’s Government), 184–85 apprentice (shagaird), 106, 107, 117 apprentice driver (shagaird-e shufer), 91–92, 102, 118 Arafat, Yasser, 376n44 Ararat: activities sponsored by, 143, 144–45, 160, 226–27, 230, 231, 351n79; Dashnak Party and, 238; establishment of, 141–42, 142, 144, 350n76; Nejde Hagobian and, 226–27, 228, 230–31; Homenetmen Ararat, 371n3; Iranian nationalism and, 273–74; membership in, 142–43, 145, 165, 230, 350n75; name of, 142, 143, 350n77, 350–51n78, 351n80; planned attack on, 241–42; politicization of, 145–47; Sevak Saginian and, 142, 142–47, 149–50, 151, 165–67, 166, 350n76, 352n92; Sevak Saginian on, 273–74; sports complex for, 166–67, 285–86, 293, 298, 355n117, 355n118, 372n10, 375–76n43; street violence and, 146–47, 238–42, 351n83, 351n84, 351n85, 366n22; Tabriz branch of, 149–50, 352n92 Ararat scouts: Boy Scouts of America and, 233–34, 365n20; establishment of, 144–45, 231–32, 365n16; first camping trip for, 234–36, 235; first scouting jamboree (1954) and, 209–11, 210; Fourth of Aban parade (1952) and, 236–38, 237; Fourth of Aban parade (1953) and, 149–50, 150, 158–59, 244–45, 263–67, 352n92, 354n105; Nejde Hagobian and, xxxi–xxxiii, 231–38, 251, 253, 260; in the Islamic Republic of Iran, 298; jamboree with Pishahangi-ye Iran, 246–48, 247, 368n36; oath ceremony for, 232–33, 268, 365n19; Pahlavi regime benefits from, 266–67; Pishahangi-ye Iran competition with, 367n31; Sevak Saginian and, 144–45, 149, 157–59, 231, 234; shah’s reception (1953) and, 245, 245; Tabriz branch of, 249–51, 250, 252; “underwear ritual” and, 209, 210, 234; uniforms for, 232, 248, 249, 263, 365n18; yerets (senior scouts) division, 248–51, 249, 368n38 Aravot (Morning) (newspaper), 126–27 arbab (master driver), 91, 92, 102, 118 armed forces: Armenians in, 133, 141, 350n74; Black Friday (September 8, 1978) and, 206–7; corruption and disorganization in, 54–55, 321–22n34; deserters from, 182, 359n34; in the Islamic Republic of Iran, 298; protests of 1953 and, 194; Qajar dynasty reforms of, 51–53, 319–20n16, 320n20; David Saginian and, 125–26, 343n6; Sevak Saginian and , 139–40, 141, 349n63; transportation infrastructure and, 105, 336n34. See also Cossack Brigade; military schools Index | 397 Armenia, xviii, 192, 228 Armenian Church: czarist Russia and, 128, 344n16; Islamic Republic of Iran and, 293–95, 375–76n43, 376n44, 376n45, 376n46; law of, 164, 355n111; restoration in...