The Rise of American High School Sports and the Search for Control: 1880-1930

Index

401 AAAPE (American Association for the Advancement of Physical Education), 49 AAU. See Amateur Athletic Union Academic League, 30–31, 105, 128–29 Addington, Sarah, 246 Adirondack Gold Cup, 188 AFLA (Amateur Fencers’ League of America), 209–12 African American high schools: and baseball, 276, 280–84; and basketball , 275–79, 285–90, 318; in border states, 282, 284–86, 288, 318; and cross-country, 281; desegregation, 318; discrimination, 274–75, 279–80, 300–301, 318; in Egypt, 274–75, 284–85; and football, 280, 289; form state associations, 287–90; and Georgia, 287; and girls’ basketball, 256, 264, 284, 289; and girls’ track and field, 287, 289; in Indiana, 284; in Kentucky, 288–89; and Missouri and Kansas schools, 284, 286, 289; in North Carolina, 286–87; and Oklahoma schools, 286, 288; in southern Illinois, 274–75, 284–86; in Tennessee, 288; and tennis, 280, 286; in Texas, 288; and track and field, 285–87, 289; and Virginia schools, 286–87; in Washington, DC, 282–84; and West Virginia, 284, 287; and wrestling, 281–82 African Americans, 71; baseball color line, 15; end of segregation, 318; Great Migration, 275; in North, 274; and race riots, 275 A. G. Spalding and Company, 24, 242 Alexander v. Holmes County, 318 Amateur Athletic Federation, 180, 253 Amateur Athletic Union (AAU), 68, 245, 248, 252, 254–55, 263 Amateur Fencer’s League of America (AFLA), 209–12 American Association for the Advancement of Physical Education (AAAPE), 49 American College Athletics. See Carnegie Report American Guard, 122 American Henley Regatta, 140, 219–20 American Interscholastic. See University of Pennsylvania American Interscholastic American Physical Education Association , 185 American Physical Education Review, 49, 51, 54, 56 American Rowing Association, 140 American Tennis Association, 256 anthropometry, 49 Inde x 402 ✦ Index archery, 148–49, 249, 268, 271–72 Armstrong, James E., 98 Armstrong, W. T. “Arny,” 287 Arnold, Thomas, 5 association football. See soccer Association for the Advancement of Physical Education. See AAAPE Astor, John Jacob, 123 Astor Cup, 123 Athletic Association of Private Schools, 310 Athletic Games in the Education of Women, 158, 161 Athleticism in the Victorian and Edwardian Public School, xiv Atlanta Prep School Athletic Association , 193 awards: as banners, 29, 79, 151; cash, 19, 29–30; as cups, 208, 213, 242; “gold watch” issue, 294–95; as material prizes, 25; as medals, 25–26, 79, 151, 295; as pennants, 19; as trophies, 29, 208, 237, 285, 303 BAA. See Boston Athletic Association Bachrach, William, 111, 190, 252 Baer, Clara Gregory, 145 banners. See awards Barefoot Eleven, 100 Bartlett Gymnasium, 79–80, 110, 195, 210 Barnum, John, 17 Basquette, 149 baseball: and African American schools, 276, 281; amateur youth clubs, 8–9, 16; and Boston high schools, 11, 37; and Chicago area high schools, 11–15; first high school baseball club, 10–11; and New England boarding schools, 4–5, 10–11; and New York– Chicago intercity series, 184–85; participation, 311, 326; and Philadelphia high schools, 11; post–Civil War flowering, 5, 10; professionalism, 99–101 baseball, girls’. See softball basketball: and African American schools, 176–79, 283–85, 287–90, 300–301, 318; and Boston area high schools, 106–7; and Chicago high schools, 103–5; early state tournaments , 108; Illinois state tournament, 105–6, 315; in Indiana, 303, 315–17; in New York, 106; participation, 198, 311, 321, 326; and Philadelphia private and public schools, 107; rural popularity, 107–8, 195, 316–17; sectional and national tournaments, 193–96; 223–24; 236–41, 294–302; television exposure, 323–24; university tournament sponsorship, 195, 223; and YMCAs, 103–4, 106 basketball, girls’: and African American schools, 264; and biological and emotional differences, 147–48, 150, 162–63, 246; and Boston schools, 155, 166; and California schools, 155–57, 166–67; and Chicago/ Illinois high schools, 150–53, 164, 255–58, 267–68; and Florida high schools, 263–64; and Iowa schools, 261, 265; and Kentucky public schools, 263–64, 267; and Minnesota high schools, 261–62; moderating, 148–49, 155, 161, 166–67; national tournament, 265; and New York–New Jersey schools, 154–55, 165–66, 264–66; in North Carolina, 319; in Ohio, 265; in Index ✦ 403 Oklahoma, 262, 264–67; participation , 198, 260–61, 311, 321, 326; and Philadelphia area high schools, 259, 268, 319; rules, 149, 155–56, 163, 165–66, 260; and rural schools, 247–48, 261–62; and South Carolina high schools, 262, 264, 267...