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xiii Note on Transliteration A simplified form of the International Journal of Middle East Studies style has been used for transliteration from Arabic throughout the text. No diacritical marks have been used with the exception of the hamza (’) and the ayn (‘). Lebanese names have been written in the most common form found in the Lebanese press in English (for example, Aoun instead of ‘Awn, Geagea instead of Ja‘ja‘, Gemayel instead of Jumayyil, Siniora instead of Sanyura). Names of places have been kept in their common English form: Beirut instead of Bayrut, Tripoli instead of Tarablus, and Sidon instead of Saida. ...

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