From Empire to Empire: Jerusalem Between Ottoman and British Rule

Note on Transliteration

xv Note on Transliteration In order to make the reading for the nonspecialists easier, I used a simplified version of the IJMES transliteration system to transliterate Arabic and Ottoman -Turkish words. Most diacritical marks that are not on an English keyboard are not used. The following marks are used to indicate hamza (’) and ‘ayn (‘). For example, the word “history” is transliterated as Ta’rikh, the word “Ottoman” is transliterated as ‘Uthmani, and the word “Arab” is transliterated as ‘Arab. I did not use h to signal ta marbuta (‘Uthmaniyya and not ‘Uthmaniyah, Filistiniyya and not Filistiniyah). For Hebrew words, I used the standard transliteration system. For example, “the First World War” is transliterated as Milhemet ha-‘Olam ha-Rishona. I used (‘) as ‘ayn in Hebrew as well. The word “immigration,” for example, is transliterated as ‘Aliya. For personal names in Ottoman-Turkish, Arabic, and Hebrew, I used the format that is most common within the context of the person and his background. Thus, for example, I used Cemal Paşa and not Djemal Pasha, Husayni and not Hussaini, Ya‘akov and not Yakov. From Empire to Empire ...