Acts of Conscience: World War II, Mental Institutions, and Religious Objectors

Bibliography

453 Bibliography Selected Sources The primary sources for this book included manuscript collections maintained at the Swarthmore College Peace Collection (SCPC), the Mennonite Church USA Historical Committee and Archives (MCA), and the Brethren Historical Library and Archives (BHLA); taped interviews of World War II conscientious objectors maintained at the Mennonite Library and Archives (MLA); personal papers and letters provided to the author by individual former conscientious objectors or their family members; reports and microfilmed records obtained through interlibrary loan; online archival sources; journals maintained by the Syracuse University Libraries and the SUNY Upstate Medical University Library; and personal and phone interviews and e-mail communications between the author and former conscientious objectors and others. The archives maintained by the SCPC, MCA, and BHLA are extensive and include Civilian Public Service (CPS) records, camp and unit correspondence, letters and diaries, correspondence regarding the Mental Hygiene Program of the CPS and the National Mental Health Foundation, newspaper clippings, publications , and photographs. Most of the records at the MCA and the SCPC are original copies. The majority of the materials of the Brethren Service Committee maintained at the BHLA were transferred to microfilm in 1947 and 1948. Secondary sources have been invaluable during this research. Leslie Eisen’s Pathways of Peace, Melvin Gingerich’s Service for Peace, and Mumford Q. Sibley and Philip E. Jacob’s Conscription of Conscience: The American State and the Conscience Objector, 1940–1947 were based on firsthand knowledge of the Civilian Public Service and written soon after the end of World War II. Eisen and Gingerich were associated with the Brethren Service Committee and Mennonite Central Committee, respectively, and their books documented the histories of those service committees. Sibley and Jacobs provided a comprehensive account of the CPS, including the activities of conscientious objectors who did not come from the historic peace churches. Sibley, who was affiliated with the Pacifist Research Bureau, was working on the history of the CPS as early as 1945. All three of these books contained excerpts of primary source materials and appendixes reprinting government and church committee documents . Alex Sareyan’s Turning Point: How Persons of Conscience Brought about Major Change in the Care of America’s Mentally Ill was directly relevant to this book. Sareyan was a former CO and had worked for the National Mental Health Foundation. Marvin Weisbord’s Some 454   |   Bibliography Kind of Peace: True Stories of the American Friends Service Committee at Home and Abroad gave the inside story of the formation of the National Mental Health Foundation and was based on the firsthand accounts of its founders. Taken together, these five books provided a road map to finding important primary source materials. Of course, these books were written from the authors’ points of view. Primary Sources Manuscript Collections: Archives Brethren Historical Library and Archives, Elgin, Ill. BSC-CPS-FU, Reel #3 (Microfilm). BSC-CPS-FU, Reel #16 (Microfilm). BSC-CPS-FU, Reel #23 (Microfilm). BSC-CPS-FU, Reel #25 (Microfilm). BSC-CPS-FU, Reel #31 (Microfilm). BSC-CPS-FU, Reel #34 (Microfilm). BSC-CPS-FU, Reel #36 (Microfilm). BSC-CPS-FU, Reel #39 (Microfilm). Civilian Public Service Photographs Mennonite Church USA Historical Committee and Archives, Goshen, Ind. Mennonite Central Committee, Civilian Public Service, Correspondence (IX-6-3). Mennonite Central Committee, Civilian Public Service, Individual Camps (IX-13-1). Mennonite Central Committee, 1920—Archives Collection (IX). Mennonite Central Committee, Photograph Collection, Civilian Public Service, 1941– 1947 (IX-13-2.2). Mennonite Central Committee, Reports, 1940–1959 (IX-12-1). Mennonite Central Committee, Small Archives Collection (Hist. Mss. 5-3). Mennonite Library and Archives, Bethel College, North Newton, Kans. Taped interviews (includes interviews available for direct quotation and for background information only). World War II, 1939–1945—Conscientious Objectors (Call Number: 940-5316). Berg, Lewis. Interview by Greg Phifer (background only). Aug. 12, 1986. Brandt, Waldo. Interview by R. Fleming (background only). Jan. 23, 1974. Diller, Victor. Interview by Howard Blosser. Nov. 1, 1989. Goering, Paul L. Interview by Kurt Goering. Dec. 26, 1975. Habegger, Loris. Interview by Keith Sprunger. Aug. 13, 1974. Hostetler, John. Interview by Joseph Miller. Dec. 22, 1977. Hunter, Richard. Interview by Keith Sprunger and John D. Waltner (background only). May 7, 1972. Miller, Orie, Henry A. Fast, and Elmer Ediger. Interview by James C. Juhnke (background only). Nov. 11, 1969. Bibliography   |   455 Peachley, Laban. Interview by Joseph Miller. Apr. 4, 1978. Schrag, Edwin J. Interview by Tim E. Schrag. Sept. 13, 1974...