Veiled Employment

Cover

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Front matter

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Contents

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pp. v-vi

Figures

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pp. vii-

Tables

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pp. ix-xi

Acknowledgments

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pp. xiii-xvi

This project start ed in 2004, when I (Bahramitash) went back to Iran after thirteen years. The trip was a shocking experience as I found myself extremely uninformed about changes that had occurred during my absence. I had lived in Iran all my life, as a student in the early 1980s and then as a teacher at university in the late...

Contributors

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pp. xvii-xx

Acronyms and Abbreviations

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pp. xxi-xxii

Introduction

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pp. 1-24

In the winter of 2004 Roksana Bahramitash attended a nationwide conference in Tehran where workers, employers and entrepreneurs, and government officials came together to address issues such as wages and unemployment. The conference was heavily influenced by the International Labor Organization’s (ILO’s)...

1. Gender and Globalization: The Iranian Experience

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pp. 25-52

The ways globalization has reshaped employment patterns and its implications for gender relations have been the subject of a number of studies. Few studies, though, have looked explicitly at this question for Iran. In this chapter I examine women’s employment in Iran within the context of globalization. Iran provides an interesting...

2. Modernization, Revolution, and Islamism: Political Economy of Women’s Employment

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pp. 53-82

Iran is a country of geographical and cultural diversity. More than a third of the country is covered by deserts and mountains that separate regions characterized by a variety of climatic and agricultural conditions. The people who settled in these regions have unique dialects and traditions that add to the variety of socioeconomic conditions...

3. From Postrevolution to the Reform: Gender Politics and Employment

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pp. 83-122

The previous chapter concluded with a brief discussion of dynamic jurisprudence. In the current chapter we will further examine how this hermeneutical turn became an important part of the reform movement. The concept of dynamic jurisprudence was not a novel one, but it was in the aftermath of the revolution that debates over it...

4. The Transformation of the Female Labor Market

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pp. 123-165

In previous chapters, we covered the social, political, and economic context of prerevolutionary and postrevolutionary Iran. In this chapter we will focus on census data and quantitative analysis of this transformation. Much of the previously published work on female employment argues that because of the process of Islamization...

5. The Effects of International Trade on Gender Inequality in Iran: The Case of Women Carpet Weavers

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pp. 166-190

Economic globalization is a historical process, the result of human innovation and technological advancements. It involves the increasing integration of economies around the world, particularly through trade and financial flows. Yet globalization has created inequality within and between nations, threatens employment and...

6. Female-Headed Households in Iran: Microcredit versus Charity

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pp. 191-225

There has been increasing concern about the issue of growing poverty among women in general, but among female-headed households in particular. The problem was emphasized during the Beijing 10 meeting in New York during March 2005. Throughout the world, women as heads of households fare worse than men, even...

7. Veiled Economy: Gender and the Informal Sector

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pp. 226-255

The informal sector has been defined by the International Labour Office as a group of household enterprises or unincorporated enterprises owned by households that includes informal ownaccount enterprises that may employ contributing family workers and employees on an occasional basis, and enterprises of informal...

8. Iran’s Missing Working Women

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pp. 256-272

Available studies on Iran suggest the existence of a large, diverse, and growing informal economy. Estimates on the share of the informal economy vary from 6 to 33 percent of the total GDP, and 47 percent of the labor force (Khalatbari 1994; Ren�ni 2001; Taher-Far 1997). Nearly all studies point to a substantial presence of...

9. Iranian Immigrant Women’s Labor Market Strategies: A Complex and Entangled Process

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pp. 273-304

This chapter, although it has a different geographical focus—the United States—similar to previous chapters is an examination of Iranian women’s labor market strategies and outcomes within relevant contexts. Similar to their cohorts in Iran, labor force participation...

References

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pp. 307-327

Index

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pp. 329-351