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267 abuse and neglect, 248, 249; in bear baiting, 227, 227n11; in bull baiting, 227, 227n11; by Clyde Beatty Jungle Zoo, 192; in cockfighting, 226–27, 228; in dogfighting, 15, 43, 43n8, 44, 227–28, 228, 229; in fur farming, 184; in gander pulling, 227, 227n11; of horses, 5, 72, 81, 125; by hunters, 167; industrial, 107–8; laws against, 5, 125, 253; at meat-processing plants, 102; of pets, 36, 108; of produce animals, 91–93, 108, 253; of race horses, 226; in rodeos, 212n1; at tourist stops, 200, 200; veterinary medicine’s protest of, 126; wolf trapping and torture as, 130, 130, 134. See also humane societies advertising and promotion with animals: by circuses, 187, 188, 189; by furriers, 183, 184, 184, 185, 185; by photographers, 7, 31; political use of, 4, 4n3, 230, 231–34; of products and services, 4, 5, 231, 238–42, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243; by taxidermists, 31, 31, 32, 168, 172, 173, 174, 179, 180; wartime use of 119, 120, 235, 236, 237, 237 African Americans and animals: “dreaded comparison” of, 81; fear of dogs by, 14, 14n7; fraternal organization mascots of, 50, 51; pets of, 11, 14, 14, 14n5; photography of, 14n6; symbols of, 4; zoo promotion by, 206 Akeley, Carl E., 169, 169n6 Alaska-Yukon-Pacific Exposition, 197 Al Barnes circus, 188. See also circuses All Alaska Sweepstakes, 226 alligators: farms for, 201, 202; as game, 142, 145, 146; as taxidermy novelties, 179, 180, 180 American Association of Zoological Parks and Aquariums, 207 American Bison Society, 165 American flag, 238, 238, 245 American Humane Association (AHA), 119 American Kennel Club, 11n3 American Revolution, 169 American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA), 5, 125, 126. See also humane societies American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA), 111–12, 114, 115, 126 American Veterinary Review, 113 Amie, Cher, 79–81, 81. See also war and animals Angell, George, 125, 126 Angora, 15 Animal Liberation (Singer), 253 Animal Welfare Act, 192 animal welfare and rights, 96, 108, 128, 142, 184, 249, 252–53 anteaters, 38 antelope, 141, 234 anthropomorphization: in advertisements, 96, 97, 240, 242; of mascots, 47, 48; of mounted animals, 177n10; of pets, 25, 25, 26, 33, 34; of teddy bears, 244; of wild animals, 133, 251; of zoo animals, 197, 197, 205–6, 206 Apache, 204, 205. See also zoos armadillo, 170, 171 Armour meatpacking, 100, 101n6, 101, 102, 103, 104, 108 Atlantic City, 196 automobiles: assembly-line production of, 55, 108; demise of horses by, 4, 55–57, 56n5, 110, 120; pride in with pets, 30; roadside amusement growth spurred by, 187, 200; in rodeo tricks, 221; use by salesmen, 99; use by veterinarians, 114; wildlife interest fueled by, 251 badger, 142 Bands of Mercy, 34 Barney, 234. See also presidential pets Barnum, P. T., 188n2, 193. See also circuses Barnum and Bailey Circus, 188, 206. See also circuses Barnum’s Animal Crackers, 239 bear baiting, 227, 227n11 bears: in circuses, 191, 192; as game and trophies, 141, 150, 151, 154, 154, 155; as mascots, 37, 38, 39, 42, 43, 47, 48; as mounted trophies, 174, 175, 175, 177, 243; as novelty taxidermy, 180; as rugs, 168n2; as symbols, 230, 231; in traveling animal acts, 198–99, 199; as vermin, 129, 135, 135n2; in zoos, 191, 192, 199, 203, 204, 204. See also teddy bears Beatty, Clyde, 192 , 193, 206. See also circuses Beauty, 119, 120. See also war and animals Beauty and the Beast, 2–4, 248 Index Italic page number denotes photograph. 268   |   Index beavers, 182 Becker, Howard, 6n4 beef cattle: 83, 84, 89, 90–91, 95, 133; breeding of, 96, 250; care and diseases of, 5, 109, 110, 120–21, 122; drives, 71; freaks, 120, 121; preferred breeds of, 94, 95; rodeo related activities with, 213, 215; treatment of, 91–93, 92, 93, 97, 101–3, 250; ubiquity of, 7; wartime demand for, 119 Beery, Jesse, 56, 57 Bergh, Henry, 125, 126 Bethlehem Steel Company, 66, 67 Bijou Theater, 200 biophilia, 251 birds, 15, 19, 33; as game, 142, 148, 148, 153, 155, 163, 164, 165n4, 165; hunting, 19; as mascots, 40, 47, 47n12, 49; as mounted specimens, 177, 177; as pets, 14, 17, 22, 22, 33, 33, 234; in war, 79–81, 81; watchers’ clubs, 3. See also individual birds bison, 165, 170n7, 204, 205 blacksmiths (farriers), 75, 110, 111 Blackwell, W. T., 241 Blatchford’s Calf Meal, 99–100, 100 bloodhounds, 79, 80 “blubber spades,” 162, 164. See also whaling boars, 141 bobcats...

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