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| 183 Notes Introduction 1. With the U.S. Census predicting demographic changes in the Latina/o population, Latina/o marketing specialists began hailing the 1980s as the decade of the Hispanic, the preferred term used by the advertising and marketing industry. Use of the term Latina/o gained currency in the mainstream media during the 1990s. For a more thorough discussion of terminology and marketing history, see M. Isabel Valdés, Marketing to American Latinos: A Guide to the in-Culture Approach, Part II (Ithaca, NY: Paramount Market Publishing, 2002). 2. Mari Castañeda, “The Importance of Spanish-Language and Latino Media,” in Latina/o Communication Studies Today, ed. Angharad Valdivia, 51–68 (New York: Peter Lang, 2008). 3. For more information on the growth of the Latina/o market, see Hispanic Fact Sheet, University of Georgia Business Outreach Services (January 2003); Isabel MolinaGuzm án, “Latinas/os in Advertising,” in Oxford Encyclopedia of Latinas and Latinos in the United States, ed. Suzanne Oboler and Deena J. González (New York: Oxford University Press, 2005); Valdés, Marketing to American Latinos. 4. For a more detailed discussion on how various industries are targeting Latina/o consumers, see Valdés, Marketing to American Latinos. 5. As the Latina/o media industry has expanded and demographic shifts have taken place, academic scholars have kept pace with a vibrant area of scholarship on media and mediated representations of Latinas. See Frances R. Aparicio, “Jennifer as Selena: Rethinking Latinidad in Media and Popular Culture,” Latino Studies 1, no. 1 (March 2003); Frances R. Aparicio, Listening to Salsa: Gender, Latin Popular Music, and Puerto Rican Cultures (Hanover, NH: University Press of New England, 1998); Frances R. Aparicio and Susana Chávez-Silverman, eds., Tropicalizations: Transcultural Representations of Latinidad (Hanover, NH: Dartmouth College, University Press of New England, 1997); Jillian M. Báez, “‘En Mi Imperio’: Competing Discourses of Agency in Ivy Queen’s Reggaetón,” CENTRO 18, no. 2 (Fall 2006); Jillian M. Báez, “Speaking of Jennifer Lopez: Discourses of Iconicity and Identity Formation among Latina Audiences,” Media Report to Women 35, no. 1 (Winter 2007); Mary Beltrán, “The Hollywood Latina Body as Site of Social Struggle: Media Constructions of Stardom and Jennifer Lopez’s ‘Cross-over Butt’,” Quarterly Review of Film and Video 19, no. 1 (January–March 2002); María Elena Cepeda, “Shakira as the Idealized, Transnational Citizen: A Case Study of Colombianidad in Transition,” Latino Studies 1, no. 2 (July 2003); Rosa Linda Fregoso, The Bronze Screen: Chicana and Chicano Film Culture (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1993); Rosa Linda Fregoso, 184 | Notes to the Introduction MeXicana Encounters: The Making of Social Identities on the Borderlands (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003); Michelle Habell-Pallán, Loca Motion: The Travels of Chicana and Latina Popular Culture (New York: New York University Press, 2005); Michelle Habell-Pallán and Mary Romero, eds., Latino/a Popular Culture (New York: New York University Press, 2002); Isabel Molina-Guzmán, “Gendering Latinidad through the Elián News Discourse About Cuban Women,” Latino Studies 3, no. 2 (July 2005); Isabel MolinaGuzm án, “Mediating Frida: Negotiating Discourses of Latina/o Authenticity in Global Media Representations of Ethnic Identity,” Critical Studies in Media Communication 23, no. 3 (August 2006); Isabel Molina-Guzmán and Angharad Valdivia, “Brain, Brow or Bootie: Iconic Latinas in Contemporary Popular Culture,” Communication Review 7, no. 2 (April– June 2004); Frances Negrón-Muntaner, Boricua Pop: Puerto Ricans and the Latinization of American Culture (New York: New York University Press, 2004); Frances Negrón-Muntaner , “Jennifer’s Butt,” Aztlán 22, no. 2 (2000); Deborah Paredez, “Remembering Selena, Re-membering Latinidad,” Theatre Journal 54, no. 1 (March 2002); Viviana Rojas, “The Gender of Latinidad: Latinas Speak About Hispanic Television,” Communication Review 7, no. 2 (April–June 2004); Angharad Valdivia, A Latina in the Land of Hollywood and Other Essays on Media Culture (Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2000); Angharad Valdivia, Latina/o Communication Studies Today (New York: Peter Lang, 2008). 6. I will use the terms Latina, Latino, and Latina/o to refer to the general population of Mexican, Latin American, and Spanish Caribbean people living in the United States. My use of the label acknowledges that each ethnic/national group has a unique and specific set of historical experiences and contemporary trajectories and at the same time recognizes the shared experiences of racialized prejudice, class oppression, and linguistic discrimination. I will refer to characters and actors by using ethnic-specific labels such as...

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