Empire’s Proxy: American Literature and U.S. Imperialism in the Philippines

Index

229 Index Americanism: and education, 3, 15, 130; and the English language, 53, 58–59; and exceptionalism, 5, 8–10, 33, 47, 55, 64–65, 162; and literature, 6, 11, 20, 42, 88 Anderson, Warwick, 129, 204n70 Anglo-Saxon civilization: and American literature, 6, 8, 45, 63, 68; claims for superiority of, 2, 13, 35, 82, 112, 140; and the English language, 42, 56, 60, 166; and gender roles, 122, 128–29, 142 anthropology: comparison to study of English, 59; emergence as a field, 47, 190n86 anti-imperialist league, 3, 39, 105, 124, 164 antimiscegenation laws, 77 Applebee, Arthur, 8, 42, 185n24, 199n100 Armstrong, Samuel Chapman, 26, 81–82, 84–86, 196n48. See also Hampton Institute Arnold, Matthew, 45, 87, 95, 198n87 Atkinson, Fred W., 189n58; and education in the Philippines, 36, 50–51, 53, 57, 61– 62, 64, 91, 122; and industrial education movement, 18, 84–85 Baldwin Readers, 54, 64, 90–91 Barrows, David, 189n58; and education in the Philippines, 7, 19, 50–51, 54, 57, 61, 63–64, 93–94, 199n101; and emasculation in the Philippines, 129; and industrial education movement, 18 Adams, Henry, 37 Afghanistan. See education: in Iraq and Afghanistan African-Americans: comparison to Filipinos, 2, 11, 76–77, 84–86; domestication by sentimentality, 81–82; education, 3; and industrial education movement, 8, 18, 26–27, 84; as inferior in view of white Americans, 77–78; slavery and literacy, 22. See also Hampton Institute; slavery; Tuskegee Institute Agresto, John, 173 Aguinaldo, Emilio, 39; as Topsy, 69–71, 76, 79–80 Alcott, Louisa May, 72 Althusser, Louis, 12–13 America is in the Heart, 33, 144; as collective autobiography, 145, 147, 205n16; critique of colonial education in, 153–55, 158; formal complexities in, 146–47, 206n17, 206n19, 207n26, 207nn28–29; knowledge production in, 149–51, 157; progress and teleology in, 159–62; uses of literature in, 145–47, 152, 156, 206n23, 206n25. See also Bulosan, Carlos American Academy of Arts and Letters, 37–38 American Historical Association, 47 American Historical Review, 47 American Spelling Book (Webster), 43–44 230 Index colonialism: American contrasted with European, 2, 63, 94, 111, 120, 191n86; and education, 11, 154; and gender, 126, 134; in Iraq and Afghanistan, 173; and Jim Crow, 18; legacy of in the Philippines, 168; and literature, 31. See also Benevolent Assimilation; tutelage Constantino, Renato, 20, 165, 168 Cook, Katherine M., 18 coolie. See Chinese laborers Course of Study for Indian Schools, 90 Creative Associates International, Inc. (CAII), 171 Cremin, Lawrence, 23–24 Cuba: education in, 15, 17; and Spanish American War, 4, 39, 104, 110, 126–27, 179n22 Dabney, Charles W., 82, 195n39 Darwinism, 111. See also Anglo-Saxon civilization: claims for superiority of Dewey, George, 4, 39, 48 Dickens, Charles, 72 domesticity: and African Americans, 26, 81–82, 97; and education, 23; and empire, 33, 107–8, 111–12, 117, 121; in Evangeline, 100; and masculinity, 126, 134, 136–37; and Native Americans, 83–84; and Uncle Tom’s Cabin, 97. See also gender; sentimentalism Douglas, Ann, 73 Douglass, Frederick, 22 Eaton, John, 17 education: and citizenship, 21–22, 25; development of U.S. public education, 22–24, 26, 48; as disciplinary regime in Philippines, 3–20, 30, 33–34, 49–50; in Hawai’i, 17–18; in Iraq and Afghanistan, 170–75; pedagogical public sphere, 22–28, 30; in Puerto Rico, 16–17, 20; Spanish system in Philippines, 2, 49. Bell, James, 111 Benevolent Assimilation: in America is in the Heart, 144–45, 148, 153; and American literature, 41, 63, 65, 67–68; and Evangeline, 102; and gender roles, 117, 120, 134; legacy of, 165, 170; little brown brothers, 106, 133; and Native American education, 141; Proclamation of, 4; and tutelage, 27, 33, 104, 107. See also domesticity; education; gender; tutelage Benitez, Conrado, 54 Berlant, Lauren, 121, 202n42 Beveridge, Albert J., 1–3, 14, 36, 66, 71 Boas, Franz, 59, 191n86 Bowman, Isaiah, 59 Blanco, John D., 30–31 Brodhead, Richard, 23, 38, 95–96, 182n60 Bryant, William Cullen, 93–94, 199n100 Bulosan, Carlos, 33, 144, 167. See also America is in the Heart Bush, George W., 170–71 Cannon, Joe, 142 Carlisle Indian Industrial Training School, 8, 17, 18, 81, 83–84, 90, 141; Filipino students at, 142; Puerto Rican students at, 140. See also Native Americans Carnegie, Andrew, 2–3 Carroll, Henry K., 16 Chaucer, Geoffrey, 42 Child, Francis James, 42 Chinese laborers, 14, 77, 179n27. See also slavery; yellow peril Christianity: in Evangeline, 100; and gender, 111, 135; and Native Americans...